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Int. Compa. Politics
Midterm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Norms/Principled Beliefs (Saunders) | Societal standards that affect how we act or think |
| Tariffs (Frieden & Lake) | Raw materials are taxed at a lower rate |
| Log Rolling | When politicians or countries agree to favors if other politicians or countries help them out |
| Externalities (Saunders) | Unaccounted results, money or products of decision making |
| Stability-Instability Paradox (Sagan) | Situation of stability between two countries who both have nuclear weapons that can lead one country to think it can be more aggressive (Protects countries over nuclear peace but threatens nuclear war) |
| Deterrence Model (Jervis) | When an aggressive country pushes against the status quo, other countries typically appeal to what they want to avoid a conflict. Aggressing country is able to keep pushing until tensions become so high that a war breaks out |
| Rally Around the Flag (Hetherington) | When the president gains approval during the start of a war Through Elite Cueing or Patriotism |
| Uni/Bi/Multi - Polarity | The division of states controlling the world |
| Security Dilemma (Jervis) | Because all states have an innate desire for power, there will never be a true era of peace |
| Weaponized Interdependence (Farrell & Newman) | Some states are able to leverage interdependent relations to coerce others |
| Nuclear Peace (Sagan) | Countries with nuclear power try not to attack each other to avoid a nuclear war, instead use tactics like proxy wars |
| The Paris Agreement | International agreement that all countries involved will collaborate to reduce climate level to 1.5 C |
| Climate Change (Busby) | Disruption to the Earth's climate |
| Climate Wars (Busby) | Using the climate or environment as a weapon for political tensions |
| Collective Action Problems (Brookings article) | These climate situations that negatively affect the masses. Because everyone is responsible, no one takes responsibility |
| Tragedy of the Commons (Brookings Article) | In the act of community service, individuals act in self interest and don't want to give up resources for the benefit of the climate |
| Free-Riding (Brookings) | Reaping the benefits of the work done against climate change but not contributing to fixing the problem |
| International Criminal Court (Zvobgo) | International Court created to address individual criminal cases on a global level. Used when jurisdiction is debatable and crime occurred internationally. |
| Human Rights (Zvobgo) | Basic rights to food, shelter, safety and other crucial resources given to individuals |
| Realism (Synder) | The ideology that international relations and the world is governed by strength and power and making decisions based off the reality of the situation |
| Idealism (Synder) | Ideology that the international relations and the world operate by rules and ideas that society created. Reinforces the idea that our systems are what we make them to be and we as humans have the power to change if it we so desired |
| Liberalism (Synder) | Ideology that democracy and cooperation through institutions can ensure global peace |
| Anarchy | Opposite of Liberalism, absence of rules and order |
| Nuclear Optimism (Sagan) | Concept that nuclear war is generally avoidable because it’s in all of humanity’s best interest to not start a nuclear war |
| Nuclear Pessimism (Sagan) | Belief that when multiple countries possess nuclear weapons mutual trust is nonexistent, leading to increasing conflicts/tensions that would likely lead to nuclear war |
| Great Powers | Countries that have a strong military, economic, and diplomatic influence on international affairs |
| Balance of Power (Sagan) | Ensuring that one state does not become militarily superior so they do not dominate the other states |
| Internal Balance of Power (Sagan) | Methods inside the state to ensure balance of global power (ex: building up of military, using economic or diplomatic means to regulate powerful actors) |
| External Balance of Power (Sagan) | Methods outside of a state to balance the global power (ex: alliances with other states) |
| Neo-Royalism (Schaffer) | Theory that current global system is dominated by rivalries between a small group of leaders and allied “hyper elites” looking to gain wealth or status |
| Spiral Model (Jervis) | The method suggests that when one state increases their defenses, other states will interpret it as a sign of aggression, leading them to build up their own defenses. The initial state views the other state’s increase in defense as an act of aggression a |
| Non-transformative Strategy (Saunders) | Kind of strategy a leader can use when trying to change another state’s foreign policy. This specific strategy is characterized by the intervening state having little to no involvement in the domestic affairs of the target state. |
| Transformative Strategy (Saunders) | Type of strategy used when a leader is trying to change the foreign policy of another state. This strategy reflects heavy involvement in the domestic affairs of the target state by the intervening state. |
| Causal Beliefs (Saunders) | Cognitive framework individuals have to interpret, explain and predict cause and effect relationships |
| Diversionary War | War made with the intention to distract the public from what a leader or politicians are doing elsewhere |
| Liberal Democracy (Owen) | Democracy that includes liberal principles such as protection of individual rights and freedoms. The difference between a basic democracy and a liberal democracy is small |
| Autocracy | Form of government that is managed by one person with absolute power |
| Feminist Theory of Politics (Cohn) | One of the lesser known approaches to politics. Critiques political language through a masculine lens. Analyzes how gender can influence language, which shapes how we view and discuss topics and what we imagine is possible in the world. |
| Post-Modern Theories of Politics (Cohn) | One of the lesser known approaches to politics. States that power dynamics impact our speech therefore the way we talk about the world, shaping what we view as possible. |
| Confirmation Bias | Psychological theory that when we intake new information, we see this as evidence to support a pre-existing belief even if the information does not support it. |
| Unit of Analysis | Different levels to analyze political problems. Levels are individual, organizational and state/societal level. Depending on which level you evaluate with, this determines the interpretation of the problem and the possible solutions. |
| Saunders Ideas | Concepts with the psychology of the individual leader in mind. How they interact with other countries, what they view as results of actions, foundational beliefs that impact policies. |
| Sagan Ideas | Theories/terms associated with nuclear war specifically |
| Jervis Ideas | Psychological theories for how countries interact with each other usually during conflicts. Analyzes on a state/societal level. Articulates "general rules"/ concepts found in international politics. |
| Synder Ideas | Basic approaches to explain international relations |
| Busby Ideas | Terms explicitly connected to climate change |
| Kamarck Ideas | Concepts/ theories that are implicitly related to climate change. Not necessarily a result of climate change but often come along with it |
| Zvobgo Ideas | Ethical/ justice ideas in international politics |
| Cohn Ideas | Lesser known political theories |
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