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Classes/Side Effects
Classes / Side Effects
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tetracyclines | Enamel hypoplasia, photosensitivity, tooth discoloration |
| Fluoroquinolones | Tendon damage / rupture, increased risk of arrhythmias and seizures, GI upset |
| Macrolides | GI upset, ototoxicity (hearing damage), increased risk of arrhythmias |
| Penicillins | Hypersensitivity reactions |
| Warfarin / Heparin | Increased risk of bleeding |
| Corticosteroids | Weight gain, increased infection risk, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis |
| Beta - 2 agonists | Tachycardia, palpitations, anxiety, tremors |
| Beta - Blockers | Vivid dreams / nightmares, hypoglycemia, cold extremities, impotence |
| Calcium channel blockers | constipation (particularly verapamil), ankle swelling, gum overgrowth, flushing, palpitations |
| Nitrates | Hypotension, flushing, headache, light-headedness |
| PDE5 Inhibitors | Hypotension, headache, flushing, nasal congestion |
| Benzodiazepines | Drowsiness, sedation, risk of tolerance and dependence |
| Aspirin | Reyes Syndrome (in children with a viral infection), tinnitus (at high doses), btonchospasm, GI irritation / risk of bleeding |
| Opioid Analgesics | Constipation, miosis, nausea, dizziness, respiratory depression |
| Proton - Pump Inhibitors | Hypomagnesemia (long-term use), headache, gastrointestinal disturbances, Vitamin B12 deficiency (long-term use), fractures (in the elderly) |
| Metronidazole (Antibacterial) | Gastrointestinal upset, hypersensitivity reactions, taste disturbances |
| Metformin (Type - 2 diabetes) | Lactic acidosis, GI upset, weight loss, metallic taste |
| Methotrexate (immune - suppressant, chemotherapy) | Mouth ulcers, bone marrow suppression, pulmonary fibrosis |
| Allopurinol (gout) | Skin rash |
| SSRI Antidepressants | GI upset, weight disturbances, increased risk of bleeding, Serotonin syndrome, suicidal ideation, hyponatremia |
| ACE Inhibitors | Hyperkalemia, persistent dry cough, hypotension |
| Spironolactone | Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia |
| Loop Diuretics | Hypotension, hyperkalemia, dehydration, low electrolyte state, hearing loss / tinnitus, increased risk of gout |
| Antipsychotic | Extrapyramidal effects (movement disorders), sedation, weight gain, lipid abnormalities, increased diabetes risk, QT interval prolongation, sexual dysfunction, agranulocytosis (particularly clozapine) |
| Carbamazepine | GI upset, dizziness, ataxie, hyponatremia |
| Cephalosporins | GI upset, antibiotic-associated colitis, increased risk of seizures, hypersensitivity reactions |
| Clopidogrel | Increased risk of bleeding, GI upset, thrombocytopenia |
| H2 receptor antagonists | Bowel disturbances, headache, dizziness |
| H1 receptor antagonists | Sedation, dizziness, GI upset |
| Insulin | Hypoglcemia |
| Laxatives | Abnormal pain / cramps, diarrhea, flatulence |
| Nitrofurantoin | Brown urine, GI upset, hypersensitivity reactions |
| Phenazopyridine | Orange urine |
| NSAIDs | Increased risk of bleeding / CV events, hypersensitivity reactions, fluid retention |
| Estrogens / Progestogens | Irregular bleeding, mood disturbances, venous thromboembolism, increased risk of cervical / breast cancer |
| Oxygen | Discomfort from mask use, dry throat |
| Phenytoin | Gum overgrowth, nystagmus, hematological disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, skin coarsening, excessive hair growth |
| Quinine | Tinnitus, deafness, cinchonism, hypoglycemia, blindness |
| Statins | Headache, GI disturbances, muscle pain/myopathies, rhabdomyolysis, elevated liver enzymes, increased risk of diabetes |
| Sulfonylureas | GI upset, hypoglycemia |
| Thiazolidinediones | Increased risk of bladder cancer, edema, dizziness, headache, hypoglycemia, bone fractures, anemia |
| Levothyroxine | GI disturbances, palpatations, arrhythmias, tremor, insomnia |
| Trimethoprim | GI upset, Skin rash, hyperkalemia, megaloblastic anemia |
| Valproate | GI disturbances, tremor, behavior disturbances, hair loss, pancreatitis, thrombocytopenia |
| Vancomycin | Flushing syndron ("Red Man"), ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis, neutropenia |
| Aminoglycosides | Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity |
| Z-drugs (Zopiclone, Zolpidem, Zaleplon) | Daytime sleepiness, rebound insomnia, CNS effects: confusion, GI disturbances, taste disturbances |
| 5-alpha reductase inhibitors | Impotence, reduced libido, gynecomastia |
| Bisphosphonates | Esophagitis, hypophosphatemia, osteonecrosis of the jaw, atypical femoral fracture |
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