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Soc101MT L3-L4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Theories | a set of ideas that explain a range of human behaviors and a variety of social and societal events |
| Conflict Theory | claims that society is in a state of perpetual conflict and competition for limited resources |
| “The Proletariat:” | low wealth, laboring classes (Amazon workers) |
| “The Bourgeoisie:” | wealthy, property owning employer (Jeff Bezos) |
| the gendered other | (de Beauvoir) |
| the racial other | (Dubois) |
| poor and working class: the economic other | (Marx) |
| Social Stratification | Where members of a society are categorized and divided into groups which are then placed in a hierarchy |
| Social stratification produces | patterns of social inequality in society |
| Social Inequality | The unequal distribution of wealth, prestige, power among members in society |
| Cooper sees | race AND gender |
| Sociological research | Sociologists question and analyze why things happen, how they happen and how they may affect human experience |
| Quantitative Research | - Collects and analyzes numerical data to help understand social life - Use large data bases - Data/Statistical Analysis - Answers the “how many” questions |
| Qualitative research: | - Uses nonnumerical data to help understand social life - Observations, interviews, photos, and recordings - Discussion groups - Answer the “why” question |
| Macrosociology | focuses on broad features of society Large scale societal and global issues |
| Microsociology | involves the study of people in face to face interaction Local, interpersonal issues on a small scale |
| What is culture? | Culture is an entire way of life for a group of people. It is the norms, values, and beliefs that a group hold about themselves. For most groups, their culture is the greatest representation of who they are |
| Culture consists of… | - Values members of a group hold - The languages they speak - The symbols they revere - The norms they follow - The material goods they create |
| Culture acts as | a lens through which we view the world |
| 4 characteristics of culture | 1. Culture is an emergent process 2. Culture is learned 3. Culture channels human behaviors 4. Culture maintains boundaries |
| Material culture | Includes the objects associated with a cultural group such as food, clothing, cars, artwork, smartphones, buildings, computers |
| Nonmaterial/symbolic culture | Includes ways of thinking (beliefs, values, and assumptions) and ways of behaving (norms, interactions, and communication) |
| Values | are shared beliefs about what a group considers worthwhile or desirable; ideas about right and wrong; good and bad |
| Norms are | formal and informal rules regarding what kinds of behavior are acceptable and appropriate within a culture |
| Norms can either be | 1. Formal, such as a law or the rules for playing soccer 2. Informal, not written down and unspoken |
| 3 Types of norms? | 1. Folkways 2. Mores 3. Taboos |
| Folkway | A minor rule that is not severely punished - A loosely enforced norm; breaches not severely punished - Covering mouth when you sneeze - Waiting in line in cafeteria - Burping aloud in a crowded elevator |
| More | A norm that carries greater moral significance; breaches are treated seriously Mores are more strict than folkways; they structure the difference between right and wrong - Stealing - Lying - Drug abuse - Cheating - Murder |
| Taboos- | A very strong negative norm. It prohibits certain behaviors Violating taboos result in extreme disgust and even expulsion from the group of society - Incest - Cannibalism - In some cultures, eating pork |
| Sanctions | a way to enforce rules through rewards for positive behavior and punishments for negative behaviors |
| 4 Types of sanctions? | 1. Formal sanctions 2. Informal sanctions 3. Negative sanctions 4. Positive sanctions |
| Formal sanctions | laws (mores, taboos) |
| Informal sanctions: | shushing someone for talking oud in movie theater (folkway) |
| Negative sanction: | punishment for breaking norm (ticket for speeding) |
| Positive sanction: | reward for conforming to a norm (cheering on a team for winning a game) |
| How to study culture? | In studying culture, we must avoid ethnocentrism |
| Commodification | transforming something into a product for commercial purposes, an item to be brought and sold |
| Stereotypes | Oversimplified generalizations about groups of people. Could be positive or negative |
| Prejudice: | refers to the beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and attitudes someone holds about a group |
| Cultural Appropriation | When members of a dominant group adopt a cultural elements of a minority group, doing it in a disrespectful way |
| In Chapter One of The Souls of Black Folk, W.E.B. DuBois described his experience grappling with the question, “How does it feel to be a problem”, what kind of problem is he referring to? | He refers to being treated as a RACIAL OUTSIDER (other) |
| Capitalism | An economic system where the means of production are largely or entirely privately owned (by individuals or companies) and operate for profit |
Created by:
liladdoyle