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Stack #4642974
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stereotype | A generalized belief about a particular category of people, often oversimplified and not based on direct experience. |
| Confirmation Bias | A tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. |
| Belief Perseverance | The tendency to hold on to one's initial beliefs even after they have been shown to be false, often ignoring contradictory evidence presented. |
| Self-Fulfilling Prophecy | When a belief about a situation or a person leads to actions that make the belief come true. |
| Prejudice | an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves negative emotions, stereotyped beliefs, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. |
| Discrimination | unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members. |
| Implicit Attitudes | Unconscious beliefs or feelings that influence a person's behavior and perceptions without their awareness. |
| Just-World Phenomenon | A belief that the world is fundamentally fair, leading people to rationalize injustice or misfortune as deserved. |
| Out-Group Homogeneity Bias | The tendency to see members of an outgroup as more similar to each other than they really are, often perceiving them as less varied than members of one's own group. |
| In-Group Bias | The tendency to favor and extend loyalty to members of one's own group over those in other groups, often leading to preferential treatment and judgment. |
| Mere Exposure Effect | The phenomenon where repeated exposure to a stimulus increases an individual's preference for that stimulus. |
| Ethnocentrism | The belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture, often accompanied by a feeling of contempt for other groups. |
| Collectivism | A cultural value that emphasizes the importance of the group or community over individual goals and desires, prioritizing group cohesion and interdependence. |
| Multiculturalism | The view that promotes the acknowledgment and respect of diverse cultural backgrounds and traditions, encouraging the coexistence and value of various cultural identities within a society. |
| Superordinate Goals | Shared goals that require cooperation among individuals or groups, typically overriding smaller or individual conflicts and fostering collaborative efforts. |
| Social Traps | Situations in which individuals or groups pursue immediate rewards that later prove to have negative or even catastrophic consequences for the larger community. |
| Persuasion | The process of influencing others’ attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors through communication, often involving appeals to reason, emotions, or authority. |
| Elaboration Likelihood Model | A theory that describes how people process persuasive messages in two ways: through deep, thoughtful analysis (central route) or based on quick cues like how appealing or trustworthy the speaker seems (peripheral route). |
| Central Route of Persuasion | A method of persuasion that involves deeply engaging with the content of a message, leading to careful analysis and thoughtful consideration, typically resulting in more durable attitude change. |
| Peripheral Route of Persuasion | A method of persuasion that relies on superficial cues such as attractiveness or credibility of the speaker, rather than the actual content of the message, leading to temporary attitude changes. |
| Halo Effect | The cognitive bias where a positive impression in one area (like attractiveness) leads to positive evaluations in other areas, influencing overall judgments about a person. |
| Foot-in-the-Door Technique | A persuasive strategy where agreement to a small, initial request increases the likelihood of compliance with a larger, subsequent request. |
| Door-in-the-Face Technique | A persuasion strategy where a large, initial request is made knowing it will be refused, followed by a smaller, more reasonable request that is more likely to be accepted. |
| False Consensus Effect | A cognitive bias where people overestimate how much others agree with their own beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes. |
| Cognitive Dissonance | A psychological discomfort experienced when simultaneously holding conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or values, often leading to an alteration in one of the beliefs or behaviors to reduce the discomfort. |
| Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychologists | Psychologists who apply psychological principles and research methods to the workplace to improve productivity, select and promote employees, and enhance organizational culture and structure. |
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user-1980752