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fluoroscopy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mastication | chewing |
| deglutination | swallowing |
| waves of muscular contraction | peristalsis |
| food after it leaves the stomach | chyme |
| order of alimentary canal | mouth--> pharynx--> esophagus--> stomach--> small intestine--> large intestine--> anus |
| the narrow region surrounding the gastroesophageal sphincter leading into the stomach | cardia antrum |
| this part of the stomach is posterior | fundus |
| this past of the stomach is anterior | body and pyloris |
| rugae | folds of the inner lining of the stomach |
| sphincter between the stomach and duodenum | pyloric sphincter |
| A hypersthenic patients stomach would be | higher up and compressed |
| an asthenic patients stomach would be | lower |
| Air would be seen where in a supine patient | body/pyloris |
| air would be seen where in a prone patient | fundus |
| barium would be seen where in an erect patient | body/pyloris |
| what projection will best demonstrate the fundus filled with barium | LPO |
| An RAO will demonstrate the barium | pylorus |
| how long on average does it take for food to enter then leave the stomach | 1-2 hours |
| average time for food to travel to the ileocecal valve is | 2-3 hours |
| average adult length of small intestine | 22 feet |
| what is the romance of the abdomen? | The C-loop of the duodenum wraps around the pancreas. |
| where is the duodenum located | retroperitoneal |
| Ampulla of Vater | the opening inside the duodenum where the pancreatic enzymes and bile enter |
| how does the gall bladder deliver bile to the small intestine | gets triggered by fatty foods and contracts. |
| The most distal portion of the small intestine | Ileum |
| most common contrast for alimentary canal | barium sulfate |
| what kVp should you use with barium media | 100-125 kVp |
| Colloidal suspension | when you mix barium and water together. It does not completely dissolve |
| what kVp should you use with Iodinated contrast media | 90-100 kVp |
| differences between iodine and barium contrast | iodine moves quicker and does not adhere as well as barium. |
| Which contrast media can be used when the pt has a perforation? Why | Iodine can be used because it is water soluble and will be absorbed by the body. |
| VFSS | video fluoroscopic swallow study/ modified swallow study |
| what projection is usually the only one done for modified barium swallow studies | lateral |
| single vs double contrast | single contrast- barium or water soluble iodinated media. double contrast- barium with carbon dioxide crystals |
| best positions for esophograms | supine or prone. Head turned to teh side for drinking. Can be done erect |
| Which oblique position for esophagram | RAO- is the best. LPO also is OK |
| Why do we do an RAO esophagram and not an RPO. | RAO puts the spine out of the way and reduced heart magnification. RPO puts the esophagus over the spine |
| this scan often preludes a GI series | scout KUB |
| preparation for upper GI series | NPO 8-9 hrs prior |
| AP duodenum shows barium in the | fundus |
| Trendelenburg is used for which scan | AP stomach to show hiatal hernia |
| when not to use compression paddles | suspected perforation, severe pain, other abdominal injuries/ conditions |
| what tool is used to move barium around and separate overlapping structures | compression paddles |
| prone position is preferred for Upper GI because it promotes filling of the ___ | duodenal bulb and C-loop |
| What position is preferred for abdomen upper GI to increase natural compression | prone |
| degree of rotation for PA oblique stomach and duodenum | 40-70. more rotation for hypersthenic pt |
| Unlike AP stomach and duodenum, the oblique moves | the pylorus and duodenum away from the spine |
| what positions do we perform oblique stomach and duodenum | RAO or LPO |
| degree of rotation for AP oblique stomach and duodenum= this puts barium into the | -30-60, avg 45 -fundus |
| where is CR entering for right lateral stomach and duodenum | L1-L2 perpendicular for recumbent. L3 for upright |
| what position is preferred for lateral stomach and duodenum | right lateral recumbent |
| what is a critical exam component of the small bowel series | ileocecal spot images |
| what does the ileocecal spot image focus on | barium traveling from the terminal ileum to the ileocecal valve then to the cecum |
| what scan is used to diagnose Crohn's disease | small bowel series- ileocecal spot images |
| difference between MBSS and BSS | Focus Area: MBSS examines the mouth, pharynx, and upper esophagus, while a Barium Swallow specifically examines the esophagus. |
| If we wanted to test for aspiration issues which exam would we perform | modified barium swallow study |
| which test looks for hiatal hernia | esophagram/barium swallow or upper GU stomach. hiatal hernias are at the distal end of the esophagus |
| What is the issue if the pylorus is crossing the spine in an abdominal oblique scan | the pt is not obliqued enough |
| iodine is contraindicated for allergies and for ___ | renal disease |
| Biliary | related to bile or bile duct |
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