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RAD 120 Exam 1

Part 2

QuestionAnswer
What results in ionization of atoms? Loss of electrons
What are the two sources of ionizing radiation? Manmade
What are the two sources of ionizing radiation? Natural (cosmic and radioactive)
_____________ account for 90% of the general public’s exposure in human-made radiation Diagnostic medical and dental exposures
What are the Cardinal Principles of Radiation Protection? Time, Shielding, and Distance (6 feet minimum)
____________is the best, and most effective method of protection for the radiographer Distance
ALARA means? As Low As Reasonably Achievable
Roentgen – Used to measure radiation present in air ions
RAD – Radiation absorbed dose: used to measure radiation absorbed
REM – Roentgen Equivalent Man: used to Measure dose received by radiation workers
What are the three traditional units of radiation measurements? RAD, REM, and Roentgen
What are the three SI units of radiation measurements Coulomb, Gray, and Sievert
Coulomb- Used to measure radiation present in air ions
Gray- Radiation absorbed dose: used to measure radiation absorbed
Sievert- Roentgen Equivalent Man: used to measure dose received by radiation workers
What exposure factor determines: x-ray beam quality? kVp
What exposure factor determines: x-ray beam quantity? mAs
The Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau states- cells that rapidly divide have the greatest sensitivity
The Occupation Radiation whole body dose limit is _______ annually? 50 mSv
The general publics whole body dose limit is _______ annually? 5 mSv
Radiation dose to the reproductive organs can cause what type of damage? Genetic
What are the results of radiation to a cell? Cellular death o Delayed mitosis o Altered mitotic rate
What is the total amount of filtration required for x-ray units operating at 70 kVp and higher? 2.5 mm Al
What 2 interactions are particularly important in diagnostic radiography? Photoelectric interactions and Compton scattering
No ionization occurs in? Classic Coherent Scattering
Photoelectric interactions- Incoming X-ray photon is completely absorbed by collision with inner-shell electron. Secondary radiations created as a result of electron cascade from outer shells to inner shells.
Compton scattering- Incoming photon collides with outer-shell electron, creating a free Compton electron (recoil) and an ion pair. \ Incoming photon loses some of its energy through collision The electron vacancy is filled nearly instantly.
The two theories of cellular irradiation damage are? Direct-hit and Indirect-hit theory
What cells are the most radiosensitive? Lymphocytes (fetal)
What cells are the most radio-resistant? Nerve cells
Collimation _________ patient dose reduces
Collimation ________ scatter reduces
Collimation _________ image quality (by reducing scatter) Improves
You should wear shielding devices when? • Performing fluoroscopy procedures • Performing mobile imaging • ER; ICU; NICU; CCU; Patient room • Operating room with C-Arm
Personal dosimetry devices- • Monitors measure the quantity of radiation received on the basis of conditions in which the radiographer was placed. • Exposure data are collected for a specified period of time.
Personal dosimetry devices should be worn- • at the collar level • outside of lead apron • Device should face forward. • Pregnant radiographers may have a second device worn at waist level and under the lead apron.
What are the Conditions Necessary for X-Ray Production? • Source of electrons • Means for setting them in high speed motion • Mechanism for decelerating them abruptly
The X-Ray target is an- Anode
X-ray tube is a- Diode
X-ray beam can undergo three possible paths, these are? o Total absorption o Pass through with no loss of energy o Undergo scattering and secondary interactions with some loss of energy
pregnancy dose limits 0.5 mSv per month & 5 mSv for the entire pregnancy
Created by: user-2016295
 

 



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