The most important type of energy in biology; the potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules (like glucose).

The ability to cause change or perform work.

A measure of the disorder or randomness of the universe.

First Law of Thermodynamics

The rule that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another.

A type of kinetic energy; the random movement of molecules.

Stored energy, based on position or structure.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The rule that every energy transfer increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe.

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)

The molecule produced when ATP loses its third phosphate group and releases energy.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The main energy currency for cells; provides immediate energy for cellular work.

The process in which energy from food is used to add a phosphate back to ADP to regenerate ATP.

The process of transferring a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule to provide energy for work.

Metabolism is organized into sequences of reactions where the product of one reaction becomes the reactant for the next.

Catabolic vs. Anabolic

Living things must balance catabolic pathways (breaking down molecules to release energy) with anabolic pathways (using energy to build complex molecules).

Exergonic (Downhill) Reactions

These reactions release a net amount of energy and occur as complex molecules are broken into simpler ones.

Endergonic (Uphill) Reactions

These reactions require a net input of energy to proceed, such as building a protein or a strand of DNA.

The fundamental way cells manage energy is by using the energy released from an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one.

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Stack #4642650

Question	Answer
Chemical Energy	The most important type of energy in biology; the potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules (like glucose).
Energy	The ability to cause change or perform work.
Entropy	A measure of the disorder or randomness of the universe.
First Law of Thermodynamics	The rule that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another.
Heat	A type of kinetic energy; the random movement of molecules.
Kinetic Energy	The energy of motion.
Potential Energy	Stored energy, based on position or structure.
Second Law of Thermodynamics	The rule that every energy transfer increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe.
ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)	The molecule produced when ATP loses its third phosphate group and releases energy.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)	The main energy currency for cells; provides immediate energy for cellular work.
ATP Cycle	The process in which energy from food is used to add a phosphate back to ADP to regenerate ATP.
Phosphorylation	The process of transferring a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule to provide energy for work.
Metabolic Pathways	Metabolism is organized into sequences of reactions where the product of one reaction becomes the reactant for the next.
Catabolic vs. Anabolic	Living things must balance catabolic pathways (breaking down molecules to release energy) with anabolic pathways (using energy to build complex molecules).
Exergonic (Downhill) Reactions	These reactions release a net amount of energy and occur as complex molecules are broken into simpler ones.
Endergonic (Uphill) Reactions	These reactions require a net input of energy to proceed, such as building a protein or a strand of DNA.
Energy Coupling	The fundamental way cells manage energy is by using the energy released from an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one.

Created by: user-2016084

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