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Chemical Bonding
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| force that holds 2 atoms together because the resulting compound is more stable | chemical bond |
| valence electrons combine to satisfy the octet rule by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Satisfying octet rule gives it a noble gas configuration | chemical bond |
| positively charged because electrons lost, mainly metals, reactivity of metals is bases on how easily they lose electrons | cations |
| noble gas configuration with the d sublevel filled | pseudo-noble gas configuration |
| negatively charged because electrons gained, mainly nonmetals, gain electrons to form noble gas configuration, have "-ide" suffix | anions |
| electrons transferred from metal to nonmetal. After the transfer, atoms get a charge (ion) and ions are held together by Coulombic attraction | formation of ionic bonding |
| force of attraction/repulsion between opposite/same charge | electrostatic force |
| ionic compound between a metal and a nonmetal | salt |
| ionic compound between a metal and oxygen | oxide |
| Why do ionic compounds form | They form because the compound is more stable than the individual particles and loses the extra energy |
| reaction gives off energy | exothermic |
| name for lost energy, always has a negative value because it is lost, smaller ions & those with a higher charge have a stronger attraction, absolute value = more negative, smaller ions can get closer | lattice energy |
| What are the properties of Ionic compounds | crystalline structure, crystals are hard and brittle, high melting and boiling point, generally soluble in water, (aq) good conductors of electricity, (solvent) poor conductor of electricity |
| Why do ionic compounds form a crystalline structure? | cations and anions balance out electrostatic forces |
| how metals exist, each atom gives all valence electrons (+ some "d" electrons), and cations float in the "sea of electrons" | formation of metallic bonding |
| electrons that are contributed to the "sea". The "bond" is the attraction of cations to | delocalized electrons |
| What are the properties of metals? | moderately high melting and boiling point, malleable, ductile, good conductors of electricity, can form alloys (mixture of metals), the more delocalized electrons = make them harder |
| What is the formation of covalent bonding? | 2 nonmetals share electrons to satisfy octet rule, molecule = compound with covalent bond, electrons are shared in pairs, single, double, triple, the more shared pairs, the shorter and stronger the bond |
| 1 shared pair | single bond |
| 2 shared pairs | double bond |
| 3 shared pairs | triple bond |
| What are the properties of a covalent compound? | low melting and boiling point, many are gases at normal temperature pressure, can form soft solids or crystal solids like wax and sugar, nonconductors of electricity and heat |
Created by:
AudreyO