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spine & hip quiz
AFMA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Radiculopathy definition | inflammation or compression of a nerve root |
| Radiculopathy Sx | Pain, Numbness, Tingling, Weakness, Bringing, Paresthesia |
| Standing pressure | 100% |
| Supine pressure | 25% |
| Side-lying pressure | 75% |
| Standing & bending forward pressure | 150% |
| Hooklying pressure | 35% |
| Seated in flexed position pressure | 85% |
| Bending forward in flexed posture and lifting pressure | 275% |
| Common cause of disc herniations | bending and twisting with weight |
| Most common disc herniation | posterior lateral |
| disc herniation protrusion definition | Nucleus populous bulges against an INTACT annulus |
| disc herniation extrusion definition | NP extends THROUGH THE ANNULUS but the extended material is CONFINED BY THE POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT |
| disc herniation sequestration definition | nucleus is BEYOND THE CONFINES OF THE POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT and/or the disc is FRAGMENTED and has SEPERATED from the intervertebral disc |
| Common symptoms of disc herniation - 3 | Midline back pain, Band-like pain across the back pain into the buttock, arm, thigh, depending on the location/severity |
| Severe lumbar herniation (Cauda Equina)- 3 | loss of bowel/bladder control Saddle anesthesia/paresthesia LE weakness |
| Severe cervical herniation- 4 | Hand dysfunction Lack of coordination/fine motor skills UE anesthesia/paresthesia UE weakness |
| Clinical findings disc herniation-5 | Pt. prefers to be standing/walking vs sitting Loss of lordosis or SHIFTING AWAY FROM AFFECTED SIDE Flexed posture Limited nerve mobility Neurologic symptoms |
| Common causes of facet joints-4 | trauma Osteoarthritis Degeneration Hyper/Hypomobility |
| Common facet sx- 3 | when acute, P! in all motions Extension increases pain Movement can become suddenly "blocked" if impingement(from cartilage) occurs |
| facet clinical findings-5 | History of impaired posture Flexion usually feels better Hypermobility leads to Hypomobility of SAME segment Hypomobility leads to hypermobility to ADJACENT SEGMENTS Movements can improve or worsen sx |
| Lumbar spinal stenosis meaning | narrowing of passage |
| Lumbar spinal stenosis types | central stenosis- Spinal Cord Lateral stenosis(foremen stenosis)- N root |
| Lumbar spinal stenosis common cause | age |
| Lumbar spinal stenosis sx-4 | gradual onset Radicular ache into thigh (if severe, calf) Paresthesia(tingling) into LE Disturbances in motor function in LE (weakness) |
| Lumbar spinal stenosis clinical findings-2 | Lumbar flexion typically relieves sx (shopping cart) Lumbar extension tends to exacerbate sx (prone) |
| Structural Scoliosis causes | Neurological diseases -CP -SCI -progressive neurological disorders |
| Common causes of non-structural scoliosis | posture muscle guarding leg-length discrepancies |
| R side scoliosis name | Dextroscoliosis |
| L side scoliosis name | Leveoscoliosis |
| Scoliosis clinical findings -4 | Possible rib hump on convex side Mobility deficits on concave side Muscle performance deficits/weak on convex side If advanced, cardiopulmonary impairments |
| Spondylolysis definition (scotty dog) | A vertebral defect b/w the superior and inferior articular process (pars interarticularis) |
| Spondylolysis causes (scotty dog) | trauma congenital |
| Spondylolisthesis definition (scotty dog) | (progression of Spondylolysis) A FWD SLIPPAGE or superior vertebrae over and inferior vertebra as a result of bilateral pars defect |
| Spondylolisthesis grades (scotty dog) | I- up to 25% II- 26-50% III- 51-75% IV- 75% |
| Spondylolisthesis causes (scotty dog) | Congenital malformation Trauma Degeneration associated w/ age>50 y/o |
| Spondylolisthesis sx (scotty dog) | Primary sx in back Radiculopathy if severe |
| Spondylolisthesis increase pain-4 (scotty dog) | Exercise Overhead lifting Prolonged standing Positioning in extension |
| Spondylolisthesis NTK-2 (scotty dog) | If severe can cause stenosis Not always I-IV progression |
| Spondylosis definition | "wrinkles on the inside" spinal osteoarthritis |
| Spondylosis sx | Similar to facet |
| Compression fracture definition | vertebral body is compressed/collapsed |
| Where is compression fractures often? | thoracolumbar |
| Compression common causes -3 | osteoporosis(when "insidious onset) trauma combination of the two |
| Compression fracture sx | Pain located in mid-spine but can refer May present with or without LE radiculopathy |
| Compression fracture clinical findings 4 | Typically present with increased thoracic kyphosis Increased lumbar lordosis Vertebral wedging |
| 5 characteristics that correlate with compression fractures | >50 y/o Female > male Hx of major trauma (fall) Pain and tenderness over area prolonged use of corticosteroids(can cause decreased strength in connective tissue) |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis (bamboo) definition | Chronic inflammatory disease vertebra sacral line joints, large peripheral joints Can lead to fusing of vertebral column |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis (bamboo) characteristics-3 | Caucasian Male>female 20-40 y/o |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis (bamboo) sx 4 | Insidious recurrent episodes of low back pain Morning stiffness Fatigue Weight loss |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis (bamboo) clinical findings | impaired spinal extension Affected joints >3 months period |
| progression of Ankylosing Spondylitis (bamboo) | Severe pain Constant pain Pain extending to midback and neck Loss of lumbar lordosis |
| Thoracic Outlet Syndrome definition | compression of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery and vein, or both Signs may be vascular, neurological, or muscular |
| Thoracic Outlet Syndrome causes 5 | Hypertrophy of scalene/pec minor Prolonged carrying of backpack/purse/brief case Traction across the arm/shoulder girdle Trauma Congenital |
| Thoracic Outlet Syndrome posture | Forward head Rounded shoulders Protracted scapula |
| Thoracic Outlet Syndrome sx 7 | Pain Paresthesia Numbness Weakness Discoloration Swelling Loss of pulse |
| Thoracic Outlet Syndrome clinical findings 5 | Anterior adaptive shortening Poor postural awareness Poor scapular control Shallow respiration pattern Limited clavicular/1st rib mobility |
| Osteoporosis definition | disease of the bone leading to decreased mineral content and weakening of the bone May lead to fx in spine, hip, wrist |
| Dexa scan | Gold standard to measure bone density |
| Dexa scores | Normal- 1 or higher Osteopenia- 1 to -2.45 Osteoporosis - -2.5 or less |
| Osteoporosis cells | Osteoclastic activity > Osteoblastic activity |
| Secondary Osteoporosis | Develops due too other medical conditions |
Created by:
ZanderLuna