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AP GOV UNIT 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of political parties | nomination, coordinating campaigns/ mobilizing voters, organisation and drafting legislation, watchdog function |
| party-in-the-electorate | Members of the voting public who consider themselves to be part of a political party and/or who consistently prefer the candidates of one party over the other |
| party-as-an-organization | Party organization is the formal structure of the political party Responsible for coordinating party behavior and supporting party candidates. tiered: local,state,natl |
| role of local gov in party-as-an-organization | Identify and mobilize potential donors and voters, train potential candidates for public office, and recruit new members for the party. |
| role of state gov in party-as-an-organization | Responsible for key party functions, such as statewide candidate recruitment and campaign mobilization Vary greatly from state to state Party regulation up to the States Closed, open, or blanket primaries |
| role of natl gov in party-as-an-organization | Fundraising army for presidential candidates and also play a key role in trying to coordinate and direct the efforts of the House and Senate.Local, State, National Organizations |
| party-in-govt | Party-in-government is made up of party members who are elected to office (the president and Congress). |
| reasons for 2 party system | began as federalists v anti-federalists, electoral college discourages minor parties, tradition |
| effects of winner takes all elections | limits people from campaigning, candidates must convince ppl they have a real chance, likelihood of losing makes it more difficult to to raise funds 4 later attempts |
| Party Era | when one party is the dominant majority party for an extended period of time (Most often occurs with major crisis- Civil War, Great Depression, etc, May take more than one critical election period for transformation to be apparent) |
| factions 1789-1812 | Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans |
| factions 1828-1856 | Democrats vs. Whigs |
| party era 1860-1928 | Republican Era |
| party era 1932-1964 | Democrats New Deal Coalition |
| Era of divided govt timeline | 1968-present |
| party dealignment | ppl moving away from both parties, parties moving from moderate voters, Party as an Organization has become increasingly active with fundraising and campaigning |
| rational choice theory | The idea that parties and political actors have goals that are more important to the party than ideology. both weigh individual concerns first and foremost and so parties try to appeal to broad audiences. |
| results of third parties | take away from other candidates' votes, thus tipping electoral college vote, serve as safety valves for discontent |
| proportional representation model <3 | Legislative seats allocated based on the percentage of votes the party received. lots of ppl get a say ! leads to coalition govt- Multiple parties combine their numbers to form a majority of seats in the legislature. |
| responsible party system | Party presents distinct, comprehensive programs & attempt to execute programs if elected Firm control of the government, party is collectively responsible for actions |
| critiques of the responsible party system | American society complex & diverse, require a tailored form of representation Decentralized parties appropriate for limited government theorized in US inception |
| reasons for party polarization | increasingly sophisticated gerrymandering, technology/algorithms |
| implications of party polarization | Amplified inter party conflict Fewer members of Congress have mixed voting records Growing number of moderate voters are not participating in party politics |
| divided govt (both parties weak, polarized) pros & cons | pros: divided government might force parties to work together to solve problems Parties can be kept in check. cons: Tough to fulfill campaign promises single party cannot claim success or failure for anything. division may cause govt shutdown. |
| competing for delegates | Goal to win majority of delegates @ National Convention Today achieved through both caucuses and presidential primaries National parties determine delegates at stake in each state |
| natl committees | Official selection of nominee Show party in its best light Integral in developing a party’s policy positions & promoting political representation |
| Criticisms of Primary & Caucus System | Disproportionate attention to early caucuses,primaries Media-driven campaigns heavily influenced Participation low Exaggerate regional factors Running for President is too difficult Full-time job Money too involved in the campaign process |
| Soft Money | donations made to political parties or committees for "party-building" activities, rather than directly to candidates. regulated with BCRA |
| 527 groups | tax exempt org created to influence the selection, nomination, election, appointment or defeat of candidates to federal, state or local public office |
| private interest groups | Seek particularized benefits from government that favor either a single interest or a narrow set of interests. |
| Public interest groups | attempt to promote public or collective goods. Such collective goods are benefits–tangible or intangible–that help most or all citizens. |
| how interest groups influence through elections | support candidates sympathetic to their views, support candidates in order to have access to lawmakers once they are in office. Some form (PACs), groups that collect funds from donors and distribute them to candidates who support their issues. |
| caucus | meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement. |
| Interest groups influence governance processes by | Targeting the budgetary process in order to maximize benefits Trying to defeat legislation that may be detrimental Targeting the executive and judicial branches of government |
| Lawmakers rely on interest groups and lobbyists to provide them with information about.. | the technical details of policy proposals, fellow lawmakers’ stands, and constituents’ perceptions. |
| functions of media | Bring in revenue to pay for production. Watchdogs of society and of public officials Engages in agenda settingoffering a platform for public debate and improving citizen awareness |
| forms of coverage bias | episodic framing, thematic framing, racial framing, priming |
| exceptions to freedom of the press | slander/libel, classified content |
| types of elections | Primaries Initiative Petition Referendum |
| who votes? | people with sense of political efficacy, civic duty, those registered. |
| 26th amendment | 1971- set minimum voting age to 18 |
| 24th amendment | eliminated poll tax |
| 15th amendment | 1870, men cant be denied suffrage for race |
| all property qualification for voting was abolished in _ | 1856 |
| state control of elections | States conduct all general elections in the United States, State offices supervise ,coordinate the efforts of county election offices that oversee the individual precincts the early voting process, local absentee-ballot counting boards |
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