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Microbio exam 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pathogenesis | |
| epidermis | outer layer of the skin |
| stratum corneum | outermost layer. all dead KERATINIZED cells |
| dermis | living tissue. blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands |
| hypodermis | fat layer for cushioning and insulation |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| folliculitis | inflammation of the hair follicles |
| impetigo | to "attack" the skin |
| cellulitis | infection of deeper dermis & subcutaneous tissue |
| Staphylococcus epidermis | common and protective, found in moist areas |
| propionibacteria (cutibacterium) | sebaceous areas |
| betaproteobacteria | dry areas |
| macule | flat discoloration |
| papule | small raised bump |
| pustule | pus-filled papule |
| bulla | large fluid-filled blister |
| ulcer | open sore with tissue loss |
| Sterilization | Using bacterial growth control methods to kill all microbes including endospores |
| Disinfection | Destroying most microbes except endospores on a fomite |
| Antisepsis | Destroying most microbes except endospores on living tissue |
| Sanitization | cleansing fomites enough to achieve an acceptable level of cleanliness |
| sporadic diseases | diseases seen only occasionally and usually without geographic concentration |
| endemic diseases | diseases that are constantly present (often at a low level) in a population within a particular geographic region |
| epidemic diseases | Diseases for which a larger than expected number of cases occurs in a short time within a geographic |
| pandemic diseases | epidemic on a worldwide scale |
| malaria | endemic to regions of africa |
| rocky mountain spotted fever | endemic to regions of the US |
| emerging infectious disease | either new to the human population or has shown an increase in prevalence in the previous twenty years |
| reemerging infectious disease | a disease that is increasing in frequency after a previous period of decline |
| ID50 | number of pathogen cells or virions required to cause active infection in 50% of inoculated animals |
| LD50 | number of pathogenic cells, virions, or toxin required to kill 50% of infected animals |
| steps of pathogenesis | exposure adhesion invasion infection |
| virulence factor | Factors that increase a pathogens ability to cause an infection and lead to disease |
| -cidal | kills target organism |
| -static | inhibits growth of the target organism |
| wheal | swollen inflamed skin that itches or burns, such as from an insect bite |
| Staphylococcus aureus | MRSA |
| pyoderma | often associated with S. aureus; skin infections that are purulent due to production of lekocidins |
| leukocidins | kills white blood cells |
| SSSS | Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome; caused by S. aureus - severe skin peeling |
| Impetigo | fluid filled blisters around nose and mouth; highly contagious; caused by S. aureus and/or S. pyogenes |
| Streptococcal pyogenes | cellulitis, erysipelas, erythema, nodosum |
| Necrotizing fasciitis | flesh eating bacterial syndrome; Streptococcal |
| Streptococcal infections | redness, heat, raised skin |
| Pseudomonas | P. aeruginosa most clinically relevant |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | distinctive odor - grape soda and corn chips; swimmer's ear; opportunistic infections of wounds/burns; blue/green pigment |
| Bacillus anthracis | Anthrax; zoonotic - infected animal or wool/hide, endospores in soil; usually enters through abrasion in the skin, less commonly through GI or respiratory tract |
| Periodontal disease | chronic inflammation and erosion of the gums |
| Gastritis | inflammation of the stomach lining |
| Enteritis | inflammation of the intestinal mucosa |
| Colitis | Inflammation of the colon |
| dysentery | Damage to epithelial cells of the colon can lead to watery, bloody, stools with excessive mucus |
| Lysozyme | cleaves peptidoglycan (NAM & NAG) |
| Streptococcus mutans | Dental caries; cavities of the teeth : are lesions on teeth causes by microbes |
| Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver |
| infection | the microbe is ingested and colonizes the gut then produces toxins |
| intoxication | bacteria produce toxins in the food before it is ingested |
| Salmonella enterica | salmonellosis and typhoid fever |
| Shigella dystenteriae | Shigellosis; fecal-oral transmission |
| Vibrio cholerae | cholera - rice water stool |
| Helicobacter pylori | peptic ulcers associated with stomach cancer |
| Clostridium difficile | antibiotic associated bacteria; C. diff |
| Bacillus cereus | gram-positive endospore-forming bacterium that can sometimes cause foodborne illness |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 | Herpetic Gingivostomatitis - sores within the mouth; contact with saliva or lesions |
| Gastroenteritis | fever, vomiting, diarrhea; fecal-oral, contaminated food |
| Rotavirus | widespread in children, elderly, poorer areas - gastroenteritis |
| norovirus | same victims as rotavirus but in confined spaces like cruise ships - gastroenteritis |
| Candida albicans | oral thrush; overgrowth of candida in the mouth; common in people with weakened immune systems such as AIDS patients |
| Giardia lamblia | protozoan disease of the GI tract; most common human intestinal parasite in the US; most people are asymptomatic, but symptoms include diarrhea, pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and fever |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | cryptosporidiosis; protozoan disease of the GI tract; weight loss especially in people with AIDS/HIV; typical symptoms of GI disease like vomiting and diarrhea etc. |
Created by:
jamjagten