Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 1 Thinking & La
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| when does language first appear | around 1 year old |
| concepts associated with language | communication, information, knowledge, meaning, grammar, voice, expression |
| is language a specifically human characteristic? | yes |
| definition of language | a polysemic, ambiguous term. analytical system of representation that goes beyond the presentation of objects/ events,it also describes . |
| 3 dimensions of language analysis | formal or structural dimension - system composed of linguistic signs.. functional dimension - instrument in the environment... behavioural dimension - gives rise to concrete forms of behaviour |
| Structural dimension of language | Language as a system of elements (signs, signals or symbols) that refer to a physical/mental reality other than that they represent - signs, phonemes, morphemes, grammar, syntax eg stop sign. has the ability to modify aspects of organisms' behaviour. |
| Structural and formal characteristics of verbal language (Hockett and Altmann, 1961) | Arbitrariness, Diversity, Regularities, Duality of patterning |
| universal grammar - chomsky | biological and innate basis of human language ability. based on the existence of simmilarities in all languages - regularities such as phonemes and words, structures involving subjects, actions and objects. language acquisition device |
| Deep structure | conceptual relationships encoded in the message |
| surface structure | linguistic units that appear explicitly in said message |
| Shannon & Weaver structure of human communication (1949) | source - transmitter - hannel message - receptor - destination.. communication as a mechanism for transmitting information, encoding and decoding. |
| Hormann's communication model (1973) | takes into account intentionality and intersubjectivity.. The messages do not transmit information, they guide the information reconstruction process the listener has to carry out. |
| Language allows (instrumental character) | get information, know and transform opinion of interlocuter, know and change the emotional state, know and change behaviour of the interlocuter |
| semiotics | the study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation |
| Charles Sanders Peirce | any element or idea can function as a sign. Social life is nothing more than a field of signs organised by other signs about the signs that serve to establish and communicate social relations. the type of relations defines the type of sign. |
| peirce belief | "nothing is a sign if it is not interpreted as a sign" |
| purpose of a sign (peirce) | subsituting or standing for something else. The sign relationship is triadic = object - sign vehicle (representamen) - interpretation |
| what are signs for | mental representation and communication |
| representammen (sign) | something the represents or refers to something.... footstep |
| object | represented and referred to equally though differently by the other two. presence of others on island |
| interpretants | created in the mind of the person, that which the representammen reproducses. end of isolation period . |
| features of the sign (peirce) | Iconic, indexical, symbolic |
| Iconic | analog sign-object relationship. eg bicycle sign because sign depicts physical object |
| Indexical | sign-object existential relationship. knife and fork sign. context is important, tools are used for eating hence restaurant must be nearby |
| symbolic | sign-object relationship based on rules or laws . parking sign. established by comprehension.. must know what p stands for to understand |
| language definition 2 | not merely a tool for the transmission of information but a fundamental psychological function that is acquired naturally and utilized in nearly all facets of human existence |
| dimension of analysis - Functional | focus is on language as an instrument. representation, communication, declarative/imperative acts are primary units of study |
| dimensions of analysis - behavioural | focus is on language as an activity . neurphysiological processes, cognitive operations, observable behaviour is studied |
| Duality of patterning levels | 1. Non significant units : a limited set of meaningless sounds or phonemes. 2. Significant units: Phonemes are combined to form morphemes and words that carry meaning |
| referential displacement | ability to talk about the past, future or distant locations... frees cognition from the here and now. |
| metalinguistic awareness | using language to reflect upon language itself... facilitates self reflection and self control |
| description/qualification | analytical system that goes beyond naming to describe properties (size, number, gender).. enables complex categorization and logical reasoning |
| imperative function | using a signal to request an object or action from another |
| declarative function | using a signal to share attention or interest with another person regarding an object or event... unique to human communication |
| semiotic activity / semiosis | a dynamic and potentially infinite process of interpretation |
| lev vygotsky view on language | as a psychological tool or instrument that mediates human mental activity. |
| semiotic mediation | the process by which externally provided signs become internalized as mental operations |
| linguistic relativity (Sapir - Whorf) | the language one speaks shapes their perception and conceptualization of the world. modern psychology rejects "strong" linguistic determinism, acknowledges that a language can influence cognitive styles and the salience of different aspects of reality. |
| triadic sign model of peirce | meaning is not an inherent property of signs but a dynamic product of interpretation. |
Created by:
ailbhe.10