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255 3 meds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| IMMUNOSUPRESSION THERAPY | Suppresses body’s response to an antigen Worry about depressing too much Monitor WBC Examples: betalacept, sirolumus, tacrolimus, cyclosporine |
| CORTICOSTEROIDS | Used to aid immunosuppression in transplant patients Monitor WBC, glucose, bone health Ex: prednisone |
| ANTIBIOTICS | Can be used prophylactically prior to surgery to prevent infection Monitor WBC & kidney function tests (GFR, BUN, and Cr) |
| OPIOIDS | Used for post-op pain control Ex: oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine Monitor for CNS depression prior to and after administration |
| ANTIEMETICS | Treats nausea associated with anesthesia & pain medications Ex: ondansetron & promethazine Common side effects: drowsiness & constipation |
| BENZODIAZEPINES | Used to treat pre-procedure anxiety Used in addition to anesthesia for sedative and amnesic effects Ex: alprazolam (Xanax), lorazepam (Ativan), diazepam (Valium) |
| NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS | Used with anesthesia for muscle relaxation & paralysis Ex: vecuronium |
| Diuretics | Treats excess fluid volume ▪ Tells body to excrete more fluid (and electrolytes) ▪ Educate to take early in the day ▪ Strict I&Os and daily labs ▪ Worry about: low BP & electrolyte imbalances |
| Loop Diuretics | Work fast ▪ More potent than thiazide diuretics ▪ furosemide ▪ torsemide ▪ bumetanide |
| Thiazide Diuretics | Less potent than loop diuretics ▪ chlorothiazide ▪ hydrochlorothiazide |
| Calcium gluconate | Used with hyperkalemia ▪ Raises cardiac threshold for excitation ▪ Prevents dysrhythmias |
| Patiromer (veltassa) | Treats hyperkalemia ▪ Binds with potassium in the GI tract ▪ Delayed onset so not used in emergencies ▪ Not used with ileus |
| Insulin & glucose | Treats hyperkalemia ▪ Potassium follows insulin into cells ▪ Glucose given to prevent hypoglycemia |
| Sodium bicarb | Corrects acidosis and hyperkalemia ▪ Shifts potassium into cells |
| Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate) | Sodium and potassium exchange ▪ Potassium excreted through stool ▪ Do not give with ileus |
| Phosphate binders | Bind to phosphate; excreted in stool sevelamer carbonate, lanthanum carbonate, sucroferric oxyhydroxide, and ferric citrate, calcium-based phosphate binders: ▪ Ex: calcium acetate, calcium carbonate ▪ Given with meals ▪ Side effect: constipation |
| Ace-inhibitors | Treats HTN ▪ Decrease proteinuria ▪ Can delay progression of CKD ▪ Monitor potassium levels |
| ARBs | Treats HTN ▪ Can delay progression of CKD |
| Erythropoietin (epoetin alfa) | Treats anemia ▪ Contraindicated in uncontrolled HTN ▪ Usually given with iron and folic acid |
| -statin and -fibrates | Best choices to treat hyperlipidemia in kidney patients |
| Anticholinergics UTI | Relaxes bladder to improve bladder storage Ex: oxybutynin (Ditropan) Side effects: blurred vision urinary retention dry mouth Constipation Useful for: Over Active Bladder, Urge Incontinence, Painful Bladder Syndrome |
| Alpha Adrenergic Blockers urinary | Treat urinary retention Relax urinary muscles and ureters Examples: tamsulosin doxazosin terazosin Alfurosin Useful with stones and BPH |
| Urinary Stone Treatments | Alpha adrenergic Ex: tamsulosin (Flomax) Relax muscles to promote passage Helps with all stones Potassium citrate Alkalinizes urine Helps with all stones except struvite Allopurinol Reduces uric acid |
| UTI ABXs fungal | fluconazole |
| UTI ABXs complicated | levoflaxacin, ciprofloxacin |
| Urinary Analgesics | Treats pain Most common: phenazopyridine (Pyridium) Turns urine orange or red Urine will stain clothing/fabric |
| Calcium glycerophosphate | Over the counter Taken prior to consuming irritating foods/beverages Decreases pain/irritation Alkalinizes the urine |
| 5 ALPHA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS | Suppresses DHT production to decrease the size of the prostate Treats BPH Delayed onset Effective in 6 months Side effects: decreased libido Common ending: “-ride” Example: finasteride |
| ALPHA ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS | Relaxes smooth muscle/prostate muscle tissue Treats BPH Works fairly quickly Effect in 2-3 weeks Side effects: orthostatic hypotension, headache, fatigue, dizziness, tachycardia Common ending “-osin” |
| ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY (ADT) | Treats Prostate Cancer Androgen Synthesis Inhibitors: Stop androgen production Examples: Leuprolide, triptorelin Androgen Receptor Blockers: Block androgen receptors Examples: Flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide |
| ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY (ADT) side effects | Cardiac: High cholesterol, High triglycerides, CAD; Musculoskeletal: Osteoporosis, bone fractures, loss of muscle mass; Hormonal: Hot flashes, gynecomastia, low libido, weight gain |
| PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE 5 (PDE5) INHIBITORS | Treats erectile dysfunction. relax smooth muscles and increase blood flow. side effects: Headache & flushing, sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, avanafil. Call for erection lasting longer than 4 hours Safety: Do not take with nitrates bc hypotension |
| OXYBUTYNIN | Anticholinergic Relaxes smooth muscles Treats post-op bladder spasms Side effects: Blurry vision Urinary retention Dry mouth Constipation Heart palpitations |
| STOOL SOFTENERS | Treats post-op constipation Give with fluids Side effects: Abdominal cramping & diarrhea Example: senna docusate |
Created by:
cwehner125