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Joint Movements
Chapter 8 - A & P Lecture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is gliding movement? | occurs in plane joints and involves slight movement between flat bone surfaces |
| what are angular movments? | change the angle between bones |
| what are examples of angular movements? | flexion, extension, hyperexternsion, plantal flexion, dorsiflexion, abduction, and adduction |
| what are circular movements? | movements that involve rotation around an axis |
| what are examples of circular movements? | rotation, pronation, supination, circumduction |
| what is flexion? | movement of a body part anterior to the coronal plane, typically decreasing the angle between bones |
| what is extension? | movemtns of a body part posterior to the coronal plane, typically increasing the angle between bones |
| what is hyperextension? | extension beyond the normal anatomical position |
| what type of movements are dorsiflexion and plantar flexion? | special angular movements of the foot |
| what is plantar flexion? | pointing the toes downward |
| what is dorsiflexion? | lifting the foot upward toward the shin |
| what is abduction? | movement away from the midline plane of body |
| what is adduciton? | movement toward the midline plane of body |
| what is rotation? | turning of a structure around its long axis |
| what are examples of rotation? | rotation of the head, humerus, or entire body |
| what is the difference between medial and lateral rotation? | medial rotation turns a structure toward midline, lateral rotaiton turns it away from the midline |
| what is circumduction? | combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduciton |
| what shape does the limb make during circumduction? | appendage describes a cone-shaped movement |
| what are pronation and supination? | unique rotational movements of the forearm |
| what is pronation? | turns the palm downward |
| what is supination? | turns the palm upward |
| what are special movements? | movements unique to only 1 or 2 joints that od not fit into other movement categories |
| what are the types of special movements? | elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, excursion, opposition, reposition, inversion, eversion, and combination movements |
| what is protraction? | gliding motion that moves a structure anteriorly |
| what is retraction? | moves a structure back to its anatomical position or even further posteriorly |
| what are examples of protraction and retraction? | movements of scapulae and mandible |
| what is elevation? | moves a structure upward |
| what is depression? | moves structure downward |
| what are examples of elevation and depression? | shrugging the shoulders and opening and closing mouth |
| what is lateral excursion? | moving mandible to the right or left of the midline |
| what is medial excursion? | returning the mandible to midline |
| what is opposition? | movement of the thumb and little finger toward each other |
| what is reposition? | returns the thumb to its anatomical position |
| what is inversion? | turns the ankle so the plantar surface of the foot faces medially |
| what is eversion? | turns the ankle so plantar surface of foot faces laterally |
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