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MED159 chapter 6
MED159 chapter 6 study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pathogen | Microorganism capable of causing disease |
| Exogenous Infection | Infection caused by the introduction of a pathogen from outside the body |
| Endogenous Infection | Infection in which an abnormality or a malfunction in routine body processes causes normally beneficial or harmless microorganisms to become pathogenic |
| Vector | Living organism, such as an insect, that carries microorganisms from an infected person to another person |
| OSHA enforces the guidelines developed by the CDC for | Standard Precautions |
| What regulations must healthcare workers follow related to workplace safety | Ergonomics, Fire Safety, Chemical Exposure |
| Means of Transmission | A pathogen moving from one host to another |
| First Element in the cycle of infection | Reservoir host |
| second Element in the cycle of infection | Means of exit |
| third Element in the cycle of infection | Means of transmission |
| forth Element in the cycle of infection | Means of entrance |
| Fifth Element in the cycle of infection | Susceptible host |
| 5 Pathogens | Fungi, Bacteria, Virus, Protozoal Rickett sites |
| reservoir agents | People, Food, insects, animals, exam tables, H2O, Contaminated surfaces |
| Sterialization | Complete destruction of all pathogens |
| Disinfection | Destruction of most pathogens |
| Sanitization | Reducing pathogens to a safe level |
| #1 Universal Precaution | Handwashing |
| (Mode of Transmission) Indirect Contact | Sneezing, coughing ingestion, inhalation |
| (Mode of Transmission) Direct Contact | Body Fluids, Urine, CSF, Feces, Blood |
| Portal Exits | Nose, ears, Mouth, Eyes, Nose, Body- fluid, feces, urine, semen, Vaginal fluid, reproductive tract discharge, Blood |
| Protozoal | Parasites |
| Fungi | Mold, Yeast |
| rickettsiae | Ticks |
| Humoral response | Body produces antibodies |
| Cell-Mediated Response | phagocytosis |
| Intact Integumentary system | protect the inside of the body. system that includes the hair skin and nails |
| Susceptible host: | Children unvaccinated, elderly, (Most at Risk) Immunizations |
| Immunizations | the essential process of building immunity against serious diseases through vaccines |
| set of regulations designed to save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of workers in the United States is/are considered | OSHA Standards |
| Means of exit | The route a pathogen takes to exit from a reservoir host is called |
| Human Carrier is also known as | Reservoir host |
| Means of Entrance | Mouth, ears, Nose, Throat, Vagina, or Rectum |
| Susceptibility Factors | Age, Genetic predisposition to certain illnesses, Nutritional status, Other disease processes, Stress levels, Hygiene habits, General Health |
| Medical Asepsis | Measures to reduce the number of microorganisms but not necessarily eliminate them |
| Environmental factor | Being exposed to hazardous substances |
| Waste by OSHA | Blood Products, Body fluids, Human Tissues, Cultures, Vaccines, Table paper, linen, towels, Contaminated Gauze, |
| Waste by OSHA #2 | Used Scalpels, needles, Sutures with needles attached, other sharps, Specula, Inoculating loops, used gloves disposable instruments & Applicators, cotton swabs |
| Written Exposure Plans should be reviewed | Annually |
| OSHA standards that state how infected or possibly infected waste materials must be handled | Bloodborne Pathogens Standard |
| Transmission-based precautions | Guidelines that are meant as a supplement to standard precautions when caring for patients with suspected or confirmed infection |
| Droplets from coughs and sneezes can reach | up to 3 feet |
| Most common form of transmission | Contact |
| disease producing power of a microorganism | virulence |
| Vector-borne transmission | “The most common carriers are insects such as fleas, flies, mosquitoes, and ticks.” |
| Foodborne transmission | A new host may be exposed to pathogens by ingesting contaminated food or liquids.” |
| Airborne transmission | “A pathogen that enters a new host by inhalation.” |
| Bloodborne transmission | “A pathogen that may be transmitted through indirect contact such as accidental needlesticks.” |
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