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Cardiovascular

QuestionAnswer
Cardiac Relating to the heart.
Arteries Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart (usually oxygenated, except pulmonary arteries).
Arterioles Small branches of arteries that regulate blood flow into capillaries by constricting or dilating.
Capillaries Microscopic vessels where exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste occurs between blood and tissues.
Venules Small vessels that collect blood from capillaries and drain into veins.
Veins Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart (usually deoxygenated, except pulmonary veins).
Valves Flaps of tissue that prevent backflow of blood (found in the heart and many veins).
Histology The microscopic study of tissues.
Tunica Externa (Adventitia) Outermost layer of a blood vessel; made of connective tissue for protection and support.
Tunica Media Middle layer; made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers; controls vessel diameter.
Tunica Interna (Intima) Innermost layer; smooth endothelial lining that reduces friction.
Lumen The hollow interior space of a blood vessel where blood flows.
Pulmonary Circulation Blood flow between the heart and lungs for oxygenation.
Systemic Circulation Blood flow between the heart and the rest of the body.
Right Atrium Upper right chamber; receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
Tricuspid Valve Valve between right atrium and right ventricle.
Right Ventricle Lower right chamber; pumps blood to lungs.
Pulmonary Semilunar (Pulmonic) Valve Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
Pulmonary Artery Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs.
Pulmonary Veins Carry oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium.
Left Atrium Upper left chamber; receives oxygenated blood from lungs.
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve Valve between left atrium and left ventricle.
Left Ventricle Lower left chamber; pumps oxygenated blood to body (thickest wall).
Aortic Semilunar (Aortic) Valve Valve between left ventricle and aorta.
Aorta Largest artery; carries oxygenated blood to body.
Chordae Tendineae Strong fibrous cords that anchor AV valves to papillary muscles.
Septum Wall that separates right and left sides of the heart.
Trabeculae Carneae Irregular muscular ridges inside ventricles.
Papillary Muscles Muscles in ventricles that tighten chordae tendineae to prevent valve prolapse.
Apex Pointed bottom tip of the heart.
Base Broad upper portion of the heart.
Left Coronary Artery (Left Main) Main artery branching from aorta to supply left side of heart.
Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Coronary Artery Supplies front of left ventricle and septum.
Circumflex Artery Supplies lateral and posterior left heart.
Right Coronary Artery (RCA) Supplies right atrium, right ventricle, and parts of conduction system.
Carotid Artery Supplies blood to the head and brain.
Descending Aorta Portion of aorta that travels downward through chest and abdomen.
Subclavian Artery Supplies upper limbs; passes under clavicle.
Brachiocephalic Trunk First branch of aortic arch; splits into right subclavian and right carotid.
Axillary Artery Continuation of subclavian in armpit.
Major artery of upper arm.
Radial Artery Artery on thumb side of forearm; common pulse site.
Ulnar Artery Artery on pinky side of forearm.
Iliac Artery Branches from abdominal aorta to supply pelvis and legs.
Femoral Artery Main artery of thigh.
Popliteal Artery Located behind knee.
Dorsalis Pedis (DP) Artery on top of foot; pulse site.
Posterior Tibial (PT) Artery behind medial ankle; pulse site.
Jugular Vein Drains blood from head and neck.
Brachiocephalic Vein Formed by jugular and subclavian veins; drains into superior vena cava.
Subclavian Vein Drains upper limb.
Axillary Vein Drains armpit region; continuation of basilic vein.
Greater Cephalic Vein Superficial vein on lateral arm.
Median Cubital Vein Connects cephalic and basilic veins; common blood draw site.
Basilic Vein Superficial vein on medial arm.
Iliac Vein Drains pelvis and legs into inferior vena cava.
Femoral Vein Drains thigh.
Popliteal Vein Behind knee.
Greater Saphenous Vein Longest vein in body; runs along medial leg and thigh.
Created by: user-1898989
 

 



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