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definitions midterm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| argument | a series of claims (premises or reasons) offered in support of some further claim (the conclusion) |
| opinion | A subjective thought that exists because someone believes it. Usually authors state an opinion then use an argument to defend it. |
| explanation | Shows how or why an accepted fact is the case. Does not use reasons. |
| deductive argument | Argument that gives you reasons to accept the conclusion |
| standard form | Argument that is numbered where premises are stated before subsequent conclusions. |
| premise | Claim presented in support of a conclusion, must be true or false |
| conclusion | A further claim supported by the premises |
| truth and falsehood | Premises must be true or false statements |
| valid | All the premises are true, so the conclusion is true. The truth of the premises guarantees truth of the conclusion. |
| invalid | The conclusion could be false even if the premises are true. The truth of the premises does not guarantee the truth of the conclusion. |
| sound | Argument is valid and the premises are all true. |
| unsound | Argument may be valid, but the premises are false. |