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Protein Synthesis

bio

TermDefinition
Anticodon a three-nucleotide sequence located on a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule that is complementary to a corresponding codon on messenger RNA (mRNA)
Codon a sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or signals the start/stop of protein synthesis
Differentiation the process where unspecialized stem cells develop into mature, specialized cells with distinct forms and functions
Frameshift Mutation a genetic mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of a number of nucleotides (DNA bases) not divisible by three within a protein-coding region
Genetic code the universal set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells
Homeotic Genes master regulator genes that determine the body plan of an embryo
mRNA a single-stranded molecule that carries genetic instructions from DNA in the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm
Mutagens any physical, chemical, or biological agent that permanently alters an organism's DNA, increasing the frequency of mutations above natural background levels
Mutation a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome, ranging from single-nucleotide changes to large-scale chromosomal deletions or rearrangements
Point Mutations a genetic alteration where a single nucleotide base (A, T, C, or G) is substituted, inserted, or deleted within a DNA or RNA sequence
Polypeptide a single linear chain of numerous amino acids linked by peptide bonds, acting as the fundamental building block of proteins
rRNA the primary, non-coding component of ribosomes
RNA Polymearse an essential, multi-subunit enzyme that catalyzes transcription, the process of copying a DNA template sequence into a complementary RNA strand (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA).
tRNA a small RNA molecule that acts as an adaptor, carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis (translation)
Transcription the process of copying genetic information from DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) in biology,
Translation the process where ribosomes in the cytoplasm synthesize proteins by decoding the genetic message carried by messenger RNA (mRNA)
Created by: user-2022270
 

 



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