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2.2 vocab

QuestionAnswer
alleles Different forms of the same gene.
autosomes Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes.
centromere The middle part of a chromosome that holds sister chromatids together.
chromatid One of two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome.
chromosome A structure made of DNA and protein that carries genetic information.
deletion mutation A mutation where part of the DNA is removed.
dna The molecule that stores genetic information in cells.
dna primer A short piece of DNA that starts DNA replication.
dominate allele An allele that shows its trait if at least one copy is present.
eukaryotic A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia A genetic disorder that causes very high cholesterol levels.
frameshift mutation A mutation that shifts the reading frame of DNA by adding or removing bases.
gene A section of DNA that codes for a trait or protein.
genome All the genetic material in an organism.
genotype The genetic makeup of an organism (its allele combination).
gel electrophoresis A method used to separate DNA fragments by size using electricity.
heterozygous Having two different alleles for a trait.
homologous chromosomes A pair of chromosomes with the same genes, one from each parent.
homozygous Having two identical alleles for a trait.
insertion mutation A mutation where extra DNA bases are added.
karyotype A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA that carries instructions from DNA to make proteins.
mitosis Cell division that produces two identical cells.
mutation A change in DNA sequence.
nondisjunction When chromosomes fail to separate properly during cell division
nucleotides The building blocks of DNA and RNA.
pedigree A chart that shows how a trait is inherited in a family.
phenotype The physical traits of an organism.
point mutation A change in one single DNA base.
polymerase chain reaction A method used to copy small amounts of DNA.
protein A molecule made of amino acids that performs functions in the body.
protein synthesis The process of making proteins from DNA instructions.
punnett square A chart used to predict offspring genotypes.
recessive allele An allele that only shows its trait if two copies are present.
restriction enzyme A protein that cuts DNA at specific sequences.
ribonucleic acid (RNA) A molecule that helps make proteins using DNA instructions.
sex chromosomes Chromosomes that determine biological sex (X and Y).
silent mutation A mutation that does not change the protein produced.
Created by: user-2003670
 

 



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