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PBS Unit 2.2 Vocab

TermDefinition
Alleles Different versions of the same gene.
Autosomes Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes.
Centromere The region that holds sister chromatids together.
Chromatid One half of a duplicated chromosome.
Chromosome A DNA structure that carries genes.
Deletion Mutation A mutation where DNA is removed.
DNA The molecule that stores genetic information.
DNA Primer A short piece of DNA that starts replication.
Dominant Allele An allele expressed if at least one copy is present.
Eukaryotic Cells that have a nucleus.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia An inherited disorder causing very high cholesterol.
Frameshift Mutation A mutation that shifts the DNA reading frame.
Gene A segment of DNA that codes for a trait.
Genome All of an organism’s DNA.
Genotype An organism’s allele combination.
Gel Electrophoresis A method used to separate DNA by size.
Heterozygous Having two different alleles (Aa).
Homologous Chromosomes Chromosome pairs with the same genes.
Homozygous Having two identical alleles (AA or aa).
Insertion Mutation A mutation where DNA is added.
Karyotype A picture of chromosomes arranged in pairs.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA that carries DNA instructions to make proteins.
mitosis Cell division that makes two identical cells.
Mutation A change in DNA.
Nondisjunction Failure of chromosomes to separate properly.
Nucleotides The building blocks of DNA and RNA.
Pedigree A family chart showing inheritance of a trait.
Phenotype The observable traits of an organism.
Point Mutation A change in one DNA base.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) A method used to copy DNA.
Protein A molecule made of amino acids that performs functions.
Protein Synthesis The process of making proteins from DNA.
Punnett Square A chart used to predict genetic outcomes.
Recessive Allele An allele expressed only if two copies are present.
Restriction Enzyme A protein that cuts DNA at specific sites.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) A molecule involved in making proteins.
Sex Chromosomes Chromosomes that determine biological sex.
Silent Mutation A mutation that does not change the protein.
Created by: user-2003063
 

 



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