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chp10 diesea/cond
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alzheimer’s disease (AD) | Progressive dementia caused by brain atrophy |
| Amnesia | Partial or complete loss of memory |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | Degeneration of motor neurons causing muscle weakness, atrophy, involuntary contractions, and eventual paralysis |
| Anxiety disorders | Group of mental illnesses characterized by excessive worry, nervousness, and fear |
| Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) | Persistent, excessive worry not limited to specific situations |
| Panic disorder (PD) | Recurrent sudden panic attacks with intense fear and physical symptoms similar to a heart attack |
| Phobia | Irrational, exaggerated fear of a specific object or situation |
| Social anxiety disorder | Intense anxiety during social interactions |
| Astrocytoma | Tumor composed of star-shaped brain cells (astrocytes) |
| Aura | Sensory warning (e.g., flashing lights, tingling, unusual smell) that may occur before a migraine or seizure |
| Bell’s palsy | Temporary one-sided facial paralysis caused by facial nerve inflammation |
| Brain tumor | Abnormal intracranial mass that may be neoplastic, cystic, or inflammatory |
| Cerebral aneurysm | Localized dilation of a brain blood vessel that may rupture |
| Cerebral contusion | Bruising of brain tissue |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | Stroke |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | Stroke caused by rupture of a blood vessel in the brain |
| Ischemic stroke | Stroke caused by blockage of a blood vessel supplying the brain |
| Coma | Prolonged unconsciousness due to injury, illness, or medical crisis |
| Convulsion | Sudden involuntary muscle contractions |
| Delirium | Acute mental confusion with disorientation, hallucinations, or illusions |
| Dementia | Progressive mental deterioration affecting memory, language, and daily functioning |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | Neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity |
| Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) | Developmental disorder affecting communication, behavior, and social interaction |
| Cerebral palsy (CP) | Movement and muscle tone disorder caused by early brain damage |
| Dyslexia | Learning disorder affecting reading, spelling, and written language comprehension |
| Intellectual disability (ID) | Below-average intelligence with impaired daily living skills |
| Spina bifida (SB) | Congenital defect in which part of the spinal cord protrudes through the spine |
| Anorexia nervosa | Eating disorder characterized by severe food restriction and fear of weight gain |
| Binge-eating disorder | Compulsive overeating with a sense of loss of control |
| Bulimia nervosa | Binge eating followed by purging behaviors such as vomiting or excessive exercise |
| Epidural hematoma (EDH) | Collection of blood between the skull and dura mater, usually caused by head injury |
| Epilepsy | Chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | Inflammation of peripheral nerves causing progressive muscle weakness and possible paralysis |
| Headache | Diffuse pain in one or more areas of the head |
| Hemiplegia | Paralysis of one side of the body |
| Hydrocephalus | Excess cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles causing head enlargement and possible brain damage |
| Meningitis | Inflammation of the meninges, usually due to infection |
| Meningocele | Protrusion of the meninges through an opening in the skull or spine |
| Migraine | Severe throbbing headache often accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light and sound |
| Bipolar disorder | Mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania |
| Depression | Persistent sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, and changes in sleep or appetite |
| Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | Depression occurring during fall and winter due to reduced sunlight exposure |
| Multiple sclerosis (MS) | Chronic central nervous system disease marked by demyelination causing weakness and coordination problems |
| Myasthenia gravis (MG) | Autoimmune disorder causing muscle weakness and fatigue |
| Myelomeningocele | Severe form of spina bifida involving protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges |
| Narcolepsy | Disorder characterized by sudden sleep attacks and excessive daytime sleepiness |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | Mental disorder involving unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors |
| Paralysis | Loss of voluntary muscle movement |
| Paraplegia | Paralysis of the lower half of the body including both legs |
| Paresthesia | Abnormal sensation such as tingling or numbness |
| Parkinson’s disease (PD) | Progressive nervous system disorder marked by tremor, rigidity, slow movement, and gait changes |
| Poliomyelitis (polio) | Viral infection causing inflammation of the spinal cord gray matter and possible paralysis |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | Mental disorder triggered by a traumatic event causing flashbacks and avoidance |
| Postpartum psychosis | Severe psychiatric condition occurring shortly after childbirth with hallucinations and delusions |
| Schizoaffective disorder | Disorder featuring symptoms of schizophrenia along with mood disorder symptoms |
| Schizophrenia spectrum disorder | Chronic psychotic disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and distorted thinking |
| Reye’s syndrome | Rare pediatric condition causing brain swelling and liver enlargement after viral illness |
| Seizure | Sudden abnormal electrical activity in the brain producing physical or mental changes |
| Focal seizure | Seizure affecting one area of one hemisphere of the brain |
| Grand mal seizure | Tonic-clonic seizure involving full-body convulsions and loss of consciousness |
| Petit mal seizure (absence seizure) | Brief lapse in consciousness characterized by staring |
| Shingles | Painful rash caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus |
| Somnambulism | Sleepwalking |
| Substance use disorders | Disorders involving compulsive use of drugs, alcohol, or other substances despite harm |
| Syncope | Temporary loss of consciousness (fainting) due to reduced blood flow to the brain |
| Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | Temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain |
| Traumatic brain injury (TBI) | Brain injury caused by a blow or impact to the head |
| Concussion | Mild traumatic brain injury causing temporary disruption of brain function |
| Contusion | Bruise of brain tissue with localized bleeding |
| Subdural hematoma (SDH) | Collection of blood between the dura mater and arachnoid mater |
| Tremor | Involuntary rhythmic shaking movement |
| Unconsciousness | Lack of awareness and inability to respond to stimuli |
Created by:
ush