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Civcs Unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gibbons | national gov. has exclusive power over regulating interstate commerce |
| McCulloch | Congress has authority to est. federal bank |
| Plessy | stated constitutionality of racial segregation |
| United States | limits executive power |
| Texas | burning the flag is protected by first amendment |
| Miranda | police must read people their rights before interrogation |
| Marbury | est. Supreme Court's power to declare acts of Congress and executive branch unconstitutional |
| Gideon | states must provide attorneys to criminal defendants if their can't afford one |
| Obergefell | legalized same-sex marraige |
| Schenck | speech presenting a threat to law enforcement violates the 1st amendment |
| Tinker | students do not leave their 1 amendment rights at the schoolhouse door |
| Santa Fe | student-led prayer in public schools violates the first amendment |
| New Jersey | public school officials only need reasonable suspicion to search student belongings |
| Hazelwood | public school officials don't violated first amendment for editorial control of school-sponsored forum activities |
| Grutter | affirmative action to achieve diversity in universities is constitutional |
| Goss | suspending students w/o a hearing violates the Due Process Clause of constitution |
| Engel | officials, state-composed prayer in public schools is unconstitutional |
| Brown | racial segregation in schools is unconstitutional |
| Bethal | public schools can discipline for vulgar/offensive speech during school activities |
| John Roberts | George W. Bush |
| Clarence Thomas | George H. W. Bush |
| Samuel Alito | George W. Bush |
| Sonia Sotomayor | Barack Obama |
| Amy Barret | Donald Trump |
| Elena Kagen | Barack Obama |
| Neil Gorsuch | Donald Trump |
| Brett Kavanaugh | Donald Trump |
| Ketanji Jackson | Joe Biden |