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Bio Ch.6
Cellular Respiration Quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cellular respiration | Process that uses oxygen to break down glucose to regenerate ATP |
| Purpose of cellular respiration | Transfer energy from glucose to ATP for cell use |
| Carbohydrates | Provide quick energy, short-term energy storage, and structural support in plants |
| Monosaccharide | The monomer of carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, and galactose |
| Glucose | A monosaccharide and the main fuel for cellular respiration |
| Glycogen | Polysaccharide that stores extra glucose in animals in the liver and muscles |
| Starch | Polysaccharide that stores extra glucose in plants in roots and seeds |
| Cellulose | Polysaccharide used for structural support in plant cells and dietary fiber |
| ATP | Energy molecule used by cells to perform work |
| Overall cellular respiration equation | C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36 ATP |
| Aerobic respiration | Cellular respiration that requires oxygen |
| Anaerobic respiration | Cellular respiration that does not require oxygen |
| ATP yield with oxygen | About 36 ATP per glucose molecule |
| ATP yield without oxygen | About 2–4 ATP per glucose molecule |
| Mitochondria | Organelle where most cellular respiration reactions occur |
| Matrix | Fluid-filled space in the mitochondria where reactions occur |
| Cristae | Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase surface area for ATP production |
| Oxidation | Loss of electrons during a chemical reaction |
| Reduction | Gain of electrons during a chemical reaction |
| Oxidation-reduction reaction | Reaction involving the transfer of electrons |
| Coenzymes | Nonprotein molecules that carry high-energy electrons |
| NAD+ | Coenzyme that carries electrons and hydrogen ions |
| NADH | Reduced form of NAD+ that delivers electrons to the ETC |
| Glycolysis | First step of cellular respiration that breaks down glucose |
| Location of glycolysis | Cytoplasm |
| Oxygen requirement of glycolysis | Anaerobic |
| ATP investment in glycolysis | 2 ATP are used to start the process |
| ATP produced in glycolysis | 4 ATP are produced |
| Net ATP gain from glycolysis | 2 ATP |
| Product of glycolysis | 2 molecules of pyruvic acid |
| Intermediate reaction | Short reaction between glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle |
| Purpose of the intermediate reaction | Break down pyruvic acid into a smaller molecule |
| Product of intermediate reaction | Acetyl-CoA and CO2 |
| CO2 in the intermediate reaction | 2 CO2 released as waste |
| Krebs Cycle | Second step of cellular respiration |
| Location of Krebs Cycle | Mitochondrial matrix |
| Oxygen requirement of Krebs Cycle | Aerobic |
| ATP produced in Krebs Cycle | 2 ATP |
| CO2 produced in Krebs Cycle | 4 CO2 released |
| Electron Transport Chain | Third step of cellular respiration that produces most ATP |
| Location of ETC | Cristae of the mitochondria |
| Role of electrons in ETC | Release energy to help make ATP |
| ATP synthase | Enzyme that produces ATP from ADP and phosphate |
| Role of oxygen in ETC | Final electron acceptor forming water |
| Water produced in ETC | 6 H2O molecules |
| ATP produced in ETC | About 32 ATP |
| Total ATP per glucose | About 36 ATP |
| What happens to ATP after it is made | Used by the cell for energy |
| What happens to CO2 | Released from the cell as waste |
| What happens to extra energy | Released as heat |
Created by:
katdolan