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force mass
for science class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| position | An object's location |
| motion | Change in an object's position in an amount of time |
| rate | motion |
| linear motion | Where an object moves along lines |
| displacement | The distance an object moves in a specific direction |
| Scalar quantity | distance |
| Vector quantity | displacement |
| Velocity vs. speed | Velocity is speed plus direction |
| Speed formula | s=d/t |
| Units for speed | m/s |
| Instantaneous rate | Present speed |
| Average rate | The average speed of an object |
| Velocity formula | v=delta x / delta t |
| Units for velocity | m/s |
| Uniform motion | Motion that has a constant rate |
| delta | Change in |
| slope formula | y=mxb |
| acceleration | Increase in velocity over time |
| deceleration | Decrease in velocity over time |
| Acceleration formula | a= delta v / delta t |
| Units for acceleration | m/s2 |
| force | A push or pull on matter |
| Newton’s first law of motion | An object will remain motionless or will remain in motion unless a force interferes |
| Law of Inertia | Newton's first law of motion |
| inertia | An object’s tendency to move or remain at motion |
| Frictional forces | Friction that slows an object down |
| Static friction | The force required to overcome inertia |
| Kinetic friction | The force required to keep an object moving |
| Rolling friction | The force required to keep an object rolling |
| Newton’s second law of motion | The mathematical relationships between force, mass, and acceleration |
| Force formula | f=ma |
| Force units (give both) | N, vector quantity |
| Newton’s third law of motion | Every force or action has an equal and opposite reaction |
| Normal force | The force on an object |
| Free body diagram | An object describing motion |
| Quantum mechanics | The physics in the smallest pieces of matter |
| Relativistic mechanics | The physics of motion speeds close to the speed of light |
| Energy units (give both) | J or energy in scalar quantity |
| Energy formula | e=mc2 |
| The four fundamental forces | The gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and strong nuclear forces. |
| What does the universal law of gravity state? | Every object in the universe pulls on every object |
| The more mass an object has, the greater its gravitational force | |
| The greater the distance between two objects, the less attraction they have | |
| Force of gravity formula | fg=g m1m2/r2 |
| Gravity units (give both) | N, or gravitational force is a vector quantity |
| Inverse square law | The gravitational force |
| weight | The weight of force on an object |
| Free-fall acceleration | Acceleration due to gravity |
| Weight formula | w=mg |
| Weight units (give both) | N or the force of weight is a vector quantity |
| Electromagnetic force | The force exerted on a field or charged particle |
| nucleons | Protons and neutrons |
| Nuclear force | The force that holds nucleons together |
| Strong nuclear force | Holds the atomic nuclei together |
| Weak nuclear force | Causes changes in the nucleus |
| work | When a force is applied over a distance |
| Work formula | w=fd |
| Work units (give both) | M or J |
| machine | A device that does work |
| Effort force | The force exerted by a person or machine to move an object |
| Resistance force | The force exerted by the object that opposes movement |
| Inclined plane | A ramp |
| fulcrum | The parts of a lever |
| lever | A simple machine |
| Fixed pulley | A nonmoving pulley |
| Movable pulley | A moving pully |
| Mechanical advantage | What a user gains from a machine |
| power | The rate that something changes |
| Power formula | p=w/t=fd/t |
| Units for power | w |
| efficiency | Used the calculate |
| Efficiency formula | e=p/px100% |
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