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A&P Guide
Chapter 1, 2, & 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| what is the study of the structure of the body? | anatomy |
| what is the function of the body? | physiology |
| Levels of Organization are | atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissue |
| the 4 basic tissue types are | epithelial, connective tissue, nervous tissue, muscle tissue |
| Organ are | 2 or more tissues joined together |
| how many organ systems are there | 11 |
| what is the organ system? | organs that form function |
| homeostasis | stable internal environment |
| examples of homeostasis | ph, blood glucose, body temp |
| homeostasis is controlled by | nervous system=fast and endocrine system=slow |
| circulatory (cardiovascular) system main function | transport blood throughout the body |
| nervous system main function | control & communication |
| muscular system main function | movement |
| skeletal system main function | support & protection |
| digestive system main function | break down food |
| respiratory system main function | gas exchange (oxygen & carbon dioxide) |
| urinary system main function | waste removal |
| reproductive system main | offspring |
| elements of the body are | oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen = 96% of body weight |
| water is a | universal solvent, regulates temp, lubricates |
| carbohydrates are | (macromolecules) energy, glucose, glycogen |
| protein's structure and function | (macromolecules) amino acids, enzymes, and hormones |
| lipids store energy and membranes such as | (macromolecules) fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids |
| nucleic acids are DNA & RNA that | store genetic energy |
| ATP is | energy made by the mitochondria (a cell structure) |
| synthesis (a chemical reaction) does what | build molecules |
| decomposition (a chemical reaction) does what | breaks molecules |
| enzymes (a chemical reaction) do what | speed up reactions without being used |
| cell membranes (a cell structure) regulate what | entry and exit of things |
| the control center of the cell is | the nucleus (a cell structure) where DNA lives |
| protein synthesis is | ribosomes (a cell structure) hint rib + protein= ribosomes |
| Golgi Apparatus (a cell structure) does what | packages & ship proteins |
| what digests (engulfs) wastes | lysosomes (a cell structure) |
| what is fluid inside a cell | cytoplasm (a cell structure) |
| eukaryotic cell types are | when the nucleus is present (human cells) |
| prokaryotic cell types are | when there is no nucleus (bacteria) |
| passive transport is | no energy |
| diffusion is | high to low concentration |
| osmosis is | water movement |
| active transport requires | ATP from low to high concentration |
| endocytosis | bring large molecules into the cell |
| exocytosis | expels molecules out of the cell |
| mitosis | are somatic cells with 2 identical cells |
| meiosis | are gametes with 4 cells with half DNA (sex cell) |
| red blood cells in pure water do what | swell (osmosis) |
| cell membrane is a | lipid bilayer with proteins |
| cytoskeleton does what | support cell shape |
| enzymes are | proteins that speed reactions |
| endoplasmic reticulum helps with | protein and lipids transport |
| diffusion, osmosis, facilated | does not require energy |
| chromosomes are | DNA |
| atoms are | the smallest particles of matter |
| cells are | smallest basic structural and functional unit of the body |
| molecules are | 2 or more atoms stuck together |
| small molecules joined together form a | macromolecule |
| macromolecules combined together is an | organelle |
| an organ is | 2 or more different types of tissues that work together to perform specific functions |
| tissues are | a group of similar cells working together to perform specific functions |
| organ system is | a group of organs working together |
| the whole body is an | organism |
| examples of tissues are | muscle, nervous, epithelial, connective |
| epithelial tissues do what | cover the body surfaces and lines the organs |
| connective tissues do what | connect and support body parts (bone, cartilage, blood)- the glue |
| muscle tissues are | made of muscle cells that contract to produce movement |
| nerve cells that send electrical signals is the | nervous tissues (controls the heartbeat) |
| tube-like structures that carry fluids from place to the other | vessels |
| cytoskeleton | shapes the cell |
| 3 blood vessel types are | veins, arteries, & capillaries |
| capillaries are | connect arteries and vein (the exchange of waste between blood and tissues) |
| veins do what | return from the heart |
| arteries do what | carry away from the heart |
| carries blood away from the heart, usually oxygen-rich blood | an artery |
| carries blood back to the heart, usually oxygen-poor blood | a vein |
Created by:
Daarina Jones