how to tell if a molecule is water soluable

if it has an ionic bond (such as NaO) or if it has the ratio 1:4. For example, 4 oh groups and 6 carbons has the ratio required whereas one oh group and 12 carbons ratio is not met

order of acidity for molecules (from least to greatest)

easy to remember --> alkane/alkene <<alcohol << phenol <<carboxylic acid

what are lipoproteins

lipoproteins main function is to transport fats and cholesterol to the bloodstream. Fats and cholesterol are not water soluble, so they cannot directly move into the bloodstream. Therefore they are encapsulated in large molecules called lipoproteins.

second part of what lipoproteins are

Lipoproteins have OH groups and ionic bonds, making them water soluble and able to move to the blood stream.

high density lipoproteins

HDL - have about 30% cholesterol and transports cholesterol from the digestive system to the liver. The liver then uses cholesterol for the biosynthesis of other molecules

Low density lipoproteins

LDL - have about 55% cholesterol and transports extra, unused cholesterol to the liver for storage as fat. This may cause heart disease if cholesterol of this lipoprotein leaks into the arteries.

what to do is you add 1H2 --> catalyst

When adding 1H2 --> catalyst to a bond, you need to remove a double bond and replace with 2 hydrogens where the double bond was at. If there are no double bonds to get rid of, then the bond has no reaction.

what to do if you add 2 H2-->catalyst

When adding 2H2--> catalyst to a bond, you need to remove two bonds and replace with 2 and 2 hydrogens where the each double bonds were placed. IF the bond does not have two double bonds , then there is no reaction

what to do if you add NaOH to a carbon bond

When adding NaOh to a bond, you remove one hydrogen and add the two electrons to the oxygen that the hydrogen was removed from. then draw an arrow to the single bond it connected to, to make a double bond and get rid of the two dots again.

second part of what to do when adding NaOH to a carbon bond

Then if there is carbonyl group ( a double bond from carbon leading to an oxygen with 4 remaining electrons usually on the first carbon) , you need to draw an arrow from the double bond to the oxygen and add two more electrons, creating a single bond.

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Ochem study guide #1

Question	Answer
how to tell if a molecule is water soluable	if it has an ionic bond (such as NaO) or if it has the ratio 1:4. For example, 4 oh groups and 6 carbons has the ratio required whereas one oh group and 12 carbons ratio is not met
order of acidity for molecules (from least to greatest)	easy to remember --> alkane/alkene <<alcohol << phenol <<carboxylic acid
what are lipoproteins	lipoproteins main function is to transport fats and cholesterol to the bloodstream. Fats and cholesterol are not water soluble, so they cannot directly move into the bloodstream. Therefore they are encapsulated in large molecules called lipoproteins.
second part of what lipoproteins are	Lipoproteins have OH groups and ionic bonds, making them water soluble and able to move to the blood stream.
high density lipoproteins	HDL - have about 30% cholesterol and transports cholesterol from the digestive system to the liver. The liver then uses cholesterol for the biosynthesis of other molecules
Low density lipoproteins	LDL - have about 55% cholesterol and transports extra, unused cholesterol to the liver for storage as fat. This may cause heart disease if cholesterol of this lipoprotein leaks into the arteries.
what to do is you add 1H2 --> catalyst	When adding 1H2 --> catalyst to a bond, you need to remove a double bond and replace with 2 hydrogens where the double bond was at. If there are no double bonds to get rid of, then the bond has no reaction.
what to do if you add 2 H2-->catalyst	When adding 2H2--> catalyst to a bond, you need to remove two bonds and replace with 2 and 2 hydrogens where the each double bonds were placed. IF the bond does not have two double bonds , then there is no reaction
what to do if you add NaOH to a carbon bond	When adding NaOh to a bond, you remove one hydrogen and add the two electrons to the oxygen that the hydrogen was removed from. then draw an arrow to the single bond it connected to, to make a double bond and get rid of the two dots again.
second part of what to do when adding NaOH to a carbon bond	Then if there is carbonyl group ( a double bond from carbon leading to an oxygen with 4 remaining electrons usually on the first carbon) , you need to draw an arrow from the double bond to the oxygen and add two more electrons, creating a single bond.
heptane	7 carbon bond
hexane	6 carbon bond
ethane	2 carbon bond
pentane	5 carbon bond
butane	4 carbon bond
octane	8 carbon bond
nonane	9 carbon bond
propane	3 carbon bond
methane	one carbon
dekane	10 carbon bond

Created by: erikal836.

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