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apush quiz thingy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hartford Convention | A meeting of New England Federalists in Hartford, CT (1814–15) to protest the War of 1812 and propose constitutional amendments limiting federal power; its perceived disloyalty marked the collapse of the Federalist Party |
| Second Bank of the United States | Re-chartered in 1816 to stabilize currency, regulate state banks, and manage federal funds after the financial chaos of the War of 1812; later opposed by Jackson as a tool of elites |
| Tariff of 1816 | First protective tariff in U.S. history; designed to shield American manufacturers (especially textiles) from cheap British imports after the War of 1812; supported by the South initially but later resented |
| National Road | Federally funded road from Cumberland, MD to the Ohio Valley; key early internal improvement that facilitated westward migration and commerce |
| Veto of Internal Improvements Bill (reasons, effects) | Madison vetoed the Bonus Bill (1817) on strict constitutional grounds — no federal power to fund internal improvements existed; effect was that infrastructure remained underfunded and highlighted the ongoing debate over federal vs. state authority |
| Era of Good Feelings | Name for Monroe's presidency (1817–1825) reflecting surface-level national unity after the collapse of the Federalists; masked growing sectional tensions over slavery, tariffs, and the economy |
| Missouri Compromise: conflict, Tallmadge Amendment, Henry Clay and Maine, 36°30' | Missouri's 1819 application for statehood threatened the free/slave state balance; the Tallmadge Amendment proposed banning further slavery in Missouri (rejected by Senate); the 36°30' line divided future territories into free and slave |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | |
| Worcester v. Georgia | 1832 Supreme Court case; Marshall ruled Georgia had no authority over Cherokee lands; Jackson refused to enforce the ruling, enabling Indian removal |
| Monroe Doctrine | 1823 policy warning European powers against further colonization or interference in the Western Hemisphere; asserted U.S. dominance in the Americas and became a cornerstone of American foreign policy |
| Cherokee Nation v. Georgia | 1831 Supreme Court case; Marshall ruled the Cherokee were a "domestic dependent nation," not a foreign nation, so the court had no jurisdiction; denied the Cherokee federal protection against Georgia |
| American System | Henry Clay's three-part economic plan: a national bank for financial stability, protective tariffs to support domestic manufacturing, and federally funded internal improvements to connect markets |
| Corrupt Bargain | The alleged deal in the 1824 election where Henry Clay threw his House support to John Quincy Adams; Adams then made Clay his Secretary of State; Jackson's supporters cried corruption, fueling Jacksonian Democracy |
| Jacksonian Democrats | Political coalition that formed around Andrew Jackson emphasizing the "common man," universal white male suffrage, limited federal government, states' rights, and opposition to the national bank and elite privilege |
| John C. Calhoun | Vice President under both Adams and Jackson; champion of states' rights and nullification; author of the South Carolina Exposition and Protest arguing states could void federal laws |
| Nullification Crisis | South Carolina declared the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void within its borders; Jackson threatened military force; resolved by the Compromise Tariff of 1833, but deepened North-South tensions over states' rights |
| Indian Removal Act | 1830 law signed by Jackson authorizing the forced relocation of eastern Native American tribes to lands west of the Mississippi; led directly to the Trail of Tears |
| Black Hawk War | 1832 conflict in Illinois and Wisconsin; Sauk leader Black Hawk attempted to reclaim tribal lands; U.S. forces defeated him, further opening the Midwest to white settlement |
| Seminole Wars | Series of conflicts (1817–1858) in Florida as Seminoles resisted removal; the Second Seminole War (1835–1842) was the costliest Indian war in U.S. history; some Seminoles never surrendered |
| Whigs | Political party formed in the 1830s in opposition to Jacksonian Democrats; supported the American System, a strong Congress, and internal improvements; included Clay and Daniel Webster |
| Treaty of Wangxia | 1844 treaty between the U.S. and China; first formal diplomatic agreement granting the U.S. most-favored-nation trading status and extraterritoriality rights in China |
| Oregon Border Dispute | Britain and the U.S. both claimed the Oregon Territory; resolved by the Oregon Treaty of 1846, setting the border at the 49th parallel (except Vancouver Island) |
| Webster-Ashburton Treaty | 1842 treaty between the U.S. and Britain settling the Maine-Canada border dispute and addressing issues of slave-trade suppression; improved Anglo-American relations |
| Nativism/Native American Party | Anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic movement of the 1840s–50s; the "Know-Nothing" (Native American) Party sought to limit immigration and restrict political power of Catholics, driven by fear of Irish and German immigrants |
| Steam Engine | Transformed transportation and industry; enabled steamboats and locomotives, accelerating westward expansion, trade, and the market revolution |
| Railroads | Rapidly expanded in the 1830s–1850s; connected regions, reduced shipping time and cost, and stimulated industry; more efficient than canals and contributed to the growth of cities |
| Telegraph | Invented by Samuel Morse (1844); allowed near-instant communication across long distances, revolutionizing business, journalism, and military coordination |
| Erie Canal | Completed in 1825; connected the Great Lakes to the Hudson River and NYC; dramatically cut shipping costs, spurred Western settlement, and made New York City the dominant commercial hub |
| Textiles | First major American industry to industrialize; New England mills (especially Lowell) used water-powered looms and female labor; symbolized the shift from household to factory production |
| Coal Mining | Expanded rapidly to fuel iron production and steam engines; anthracite coal from Pennsylvania powered the industrial revolution; led to dangerous labor conditions and early labor organizing |
| Interchangeable Parts | Pioneered by Eli Whitney; standardized, identical components that could be mass-produced and swapped; key to efficient manufacturing and the basis of American industrial production |
| Lowell System | A labor model in Lowell, MA textile mills that recruited young farm women (mill girls), housed them in supervised boardinghouses, and centralized all production stages under one roof; increased efficiency but led to labor protests in the 1830s–40s |
| Urban Middle Class | Emerged from the market revolution; consisted of merchants, professionals, and small business owners; valued domesticity, self-improvement, and moral reform; women increasingly defined by the "cult of domesticity" in the private sphere |
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