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CJ research meth. #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The__ is described as a set of elements larger than or different from the population that was sampled and to which the researcher would like to generalize any study findings | target population |
| ___ is a major hazard in surveys research, because individuals who do not respond to a survey are likely to differ systematically from those who take the time to participate | Nonresponse |
| __ uses information known about the total population prior to sampling to make the sampling process more efficient. | Stratified random sampling |
| A researcher is interested in surveying high schools within one school. This researcher obtains a list from the school's registrar office of all the high school. this list is termed the___ | sampling frame |
| The National Crime Victimization Survey selects subjects by identifying rural countries or large metropolitan areas as primary sampling units, then chooses geo. regions within these units, and then chooses addresses within the geo. region. This is __. | multistage cluster sampling |
| The bell shaped of a normal distribution is produced by ___ | Random sampling error |
| In ____, elements are selected because they are easy to find. | availability sampling |
| After selecting and numbering the elements in her sampling frame. Tonya decided to go to a website and used a systematic procedures for picking corresponding numbers from a random number table. Which type of random sampling did she employ? | simple random sampling |
| A study is conducted of gang recruitment and sources of intergang conflict. Using a contract at a local youth program, the researcher is able to meet each gang's leader. A prescreening questionnaire determines which gang leaders are knowledgeable | purposive sampling |
| Suppose you are interested in investigating the crime of personal larceny with contact, which generally involves pocket picking and purse snatching. Because elderly citizens are disproportionately victimized by this crime, you want to make sure you | quota sampling |
| If an association between two variables might be caused by something other than an effect of the presumed independent variable on the dependent variable, then it might be a(n) _ | spurious relationship |
| In a repeated cross-sectional design, when the population is not changing, data are collected at two or more points in time from which of the following? | different samples of the same population |
| In a true experiment, the group receiving the treatment or the intervention is termed the____ | experimental group |
| If a researcher's claim is that the likelihood of recidivating is higher for ex-offenders who are unable to find legitimate employment, that would be a(n)____ | nomothetic explanation |
| To explain a female offender's drug addiction, a researcher constructs a narrative that includes how repeated abuse as a child led the offender to self-medicate. This is an example of an)____ | idiographic explanation |
| A researcher collects data on the same group of children at age 5 and age 15. This is an example of which research design? | longitudinal |
| A researcher is studying the causal relationship between drug use and crime. However, she is unable to determine which variable predates the other. This is an issue of | appropriate time order |
| An experimental study has found that alcoholics who attend peer group meetings are more successful in reducing their consumption of alcoholic beverages than alcoholics who do not attend such meetings. However, the researchers are struggling to determine | causal mechanisms |
| A study is conducted to test whether individuals who lived in New York City in September 2001 have more mental health problems than a comparison group in 2011 and 2021. This is an example of a(n)____ | event-based design |
| In a longitudinal study of the homeless, a researcher has difficulty locating her respondents so that she can collect new data from them. Over time, her sample decreases from 50 to 33. This is an issue of___ | subject attrition |
| A___ is a measurement of the outcome in both groups after the experimental group has received the treatment. | posttest |
| A Hawthorne effect occurs when_____ | members of the treatment group change because their participation in the study makes them feel special |
| The subjects who receive some treatment are in a(n)____ | experimental group |
| Which design has a pretest and posttest, but no comparison group? | Before-and-after |
| Which source of internal validity refers to when either the experimental group or the comparison group is aware of the other group and is influenced in the posttest as a result? | contamination |
| The ability to apply the findings of a study to a clearly defined, larger population, is referred to as: | sample generalizability |
| Which of the following was identified as an ethical issue somehwat unique to field experiments? | selective distribution of benefits |
| In the process of conducting an experiment, a researcher administers a survey before the treatment is applied, in order to measure the dependent variable prior to the experimental intervention. This survey is a_____ | Pretest |
| A researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of a new prisoner rehabilitation program. All of the elements of an experiment are present except that the groups were not randomly assigned. This study is an example of a(n)_____ | nonequivalent control group design |
| A researcher is conducting a study examining residents' attitudes toward police. During data collection, news emerges that many police officers were involved in corruption. This is an issue of ____ | external events |
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