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Term 2 Transp Plants
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a vascular bundle? | This a combination of separated vessels together just like the term bundle like a bundle of chords. These bundles make roots and shoots. |
| What is the movement of water through a plant? | First the water is absorbed by the soil through the root hair cells Second the water passes through the cortex in which it reaches the xylem The xylem absorbs the water and transport it to the leaf cells Finally the leaf transpires the water. |
| What is transpiration? | This is the loss of water by evaporation from the surface of the leaves |
| What is a transpiration stream? | A transpiration stream is pressure of the xylem vessel being less at the bottom as the water passes through due to the constant need of water |
| What is adhesion? | Adhesion is when water stick to surfaces |
| What is cohesion? | Cohesion is when water stick together |
| Explain the factors of how water moves up the xylem. | Capillarity this is the movement of water up narrow spaces. The narrower the space the more water is absorbed. Adhesion and cohesion also play roles in movement |
| What is root pressure? | There is a lot of water in the soil which is than the water in the root hair cells. The pressure in the xylem is greater than in the leaf cells. |
| What is the importance of transpiration? | Transpiration pulls water to the leaves for photosynthesis The evaporation cools plants The movement of the water carries dissolved minerals |
| What are factors that affect transpiration? | Air movement :transpiration rate will be faster Temperature: On high temperatures evaporation occurs faster Humidity: Air will have lots of water vapor making transpiration lower Light Intensity: Transpiration rate will be faster |
| What is the transpiration rate? | The rate at which water is lost from plants |
| What are Mesophytes? | These are plants that live in areas where water is readily available |
| What are Hydrophytes? | These are plants that live in areas with a lot of water like fresh water. |
| What are Halophytes? | These are plants that live in areas with a high salt concentration in the water, like salts marshes, swamps and areas close to the sea. |
| What are Xerophytes? | These are plants that live in water with a short water supply |
| What are the adaptations of Xerophytes? | Fine spiked leaves to reduce stomata opening Thickened stem or leaves so they can store large amounts of water Broad root system so water can be quickly absorbed when it rains A thick epidermis so that the harsh sun does not evaporate water quickly. |
| What is Translocation? | This is movement of food/nutrients which are transported by phloem tubes. It goes to wherever it is needed for respiration or where it needs to be stored. |
| What are some ways to proves translocation? | Radioisotopes Ringing Aphids |
| How do radioisotopes prove translocation? | When isotopes of carbon come in contact with plants the plant becomes radioactive, therefore making radioactive food When the radioactive isotope is removed, radioactivity can still be found in the phloem which food in transported. |
| How does ringing prove translocation? | Since the phloem tubes are located just beneath the bark of the tree when a section of the bark is cut around. The accumulated sugar that was being transported by the phloem forms a swelled bulge at the top. |
| How do aphids prove translocation? | When aphids eat organic matter from plants they use their mouth piece. When the mouth piece is cut off, the sapor nutrients still flow through it. |
| Why do plants store food? | 1. To be readily available for when respiration need to place which requires glucose 2. When temperature is low and photosynthesis is not able to take place for times of scarcity 3. This is when the plant needs to save food for other functions. |
| What are special functions for food reserves? | For storage in fruits: Plants usually save its glucose to attract animals to eat them to help reproduce. For storage in stems: Sugar Cane For storage in seeds: Plants cotyledon or endosperms store starch, protein and lipids for the embryo to grow. |
| What are some examples of underground stems? | Irish Potato Dasheen Rhizomes: Ginger and Turmeric |
| What are some exams of storage in roots? | Sweet Potato Carrot |
| What are some examples of storage in leaves? | Onion |
| What are the parts of an onion? | Bulb Apex Membranous Fleshy Scale Flower Bud Lateral Bu Stem Adventitious Root |
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