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Chem B Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Solution | One substance dissolves into another |
| Solute | Substance that is being dissolved |
| Solvent | Doing the dissolving |
| What is one factor that affects solubility that involves the attraction between molecules? | The nature of the solute and solvent (polarity). |
| What does the phrase “like dissolves like” mean in terms of solubility? | Substances with similar polarity dissolve in each other. |
| What type of solvent is most likely to dissolve an ionic or polar compound? | A polar solvent. |
| What type of solvent is most likely to dissolve a nonpolar substance? | A nonpolar solvent. |
| What is one factor that affects solubility that involves how hot or cold a substance is? | Temperature. |
| What generally happens to the solubility of most solid solutes when temperature increases? | It increases. |
| What generally happens to the solubility of gases in liquids when temperature increases? | It decreases. |
| What is one factor that affects solubility that involves the amount of force pushing on gas particles? | Pressure. |
| How does increasing pressure affect the solubility of gases in liquids? | It increases. |
| Why does soda lose its fizz after it is opened? | The pressure decreases, causing the dissolved gas to escape. |
| Aqueous Solution | A solution in which water is the solvent |
| What is one way to dissolve a solute faster that involves changing the temperature? | Increase the temperature of the solvent. |
| How does stirring or shaking a mixture affect how quickly a solute dissolves? | It speeds up dissolving by bringing fresh solvent into contact with the solute. |
| What effect does breaking a solute into smaller pieces have on dissolving? | It increases the surface area, so the solute dissolves faster. |
| How can the amount of solvent or solute affect how quickly a solute dissolves? | Using more solvent or less solute increases the concentration difference, speeding up dissolving. |
| What is a solution that has only a small amount of solute compared to the solvent called? | A dilute solution. |
| What is a solution that has a large amount of solute compared to the solvent called? | A concentrated solution. |
| How does the concentration of solute compare in a dilute solution versus a concentrated solution? | A dilute solution has less solute, while a concentrated solution has more solute. |
| Can a solution be made more concentrated or more dilute? | Yes, by adding more solute or more solvent. |
| Solution holding the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature? | Saturated Solution |
| Solution holding more than the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature? | Supersaturated Solution |
| Solution that contains less solute than it could potentially dissolve at a given temperature? | Undersaturated Solution |
| What is one property of acids that describes their taste? | They taste sour. |
| What is one property of acids that describes how they feel or react? | They can be corrosive or cause a burning sensation. |
| How do acids react with metals like zinc or magnesium? | They react to produce hydrogen gas. |
| How do acids react with carbonates like baking soda? | They react to produce carbon dioxide gas. |
| What happens to blue litmus paper when it touches an acid? | It turns red. |
| What is the pH range of acids? | Less than 7. |
| What is one property of bases that describes their taste? | They taste bitter. |
| What is one property of bases that describes how they feel? | They feel slippery or soapy. |
| How do bases react with acids? | They neutralize acids to form water and a salt. |
| What happens to red litmus paper when it touches a base? | It turns blue. |
| What is the pH range of bases? | Greater than 7. |
| Arrhenius Acid | Substance that increases the concentration of H⁺ ions (protons) in water |
| Arrhenius Base | Substance that increases the concentration of OH⁻ ions in water |
| Which acid is strong: H₂SO₄ or weak? | H₂SO₄ (sulfuric acid) is strong. |
| Is KOH a strong or weak base? | KOH is a strong base. |
| Is NaOH a strong or weak base? | NaOH is a strong base. |
| Is HCl a strong or weak acid? | HCl is a strong acid. |
| Is HNO₃ a strong or weak acid? | HNO₃ (nitric acid) is strong. |
| Is Mg(OH)₂ a strong or weak base? | Mg(OH)₂ is a weak base. |
| What are the substances present before a chemical reaction called? | Reactants. |
| What are the substances formed after a chemical reaction called? | Products. |
| What type of reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to form a single product? | Synthesis reaction. |
| What type of reaction occurs when one element replaces another element in a compound? | Single replacement reaction. |
| What type of reaction occurs when the positive and negative parts of two compounds switch places? | Double replacement reaction. |
| What type of reaction occurs when a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances? | Decomposition reaction. |
| What type of reaction occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen and produces heat and light, usually forming CO₂ and H₂O? | Combustion reaction. |
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