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Sedimentary Rocks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rounded grains mean a rock has traveled? | Longer time and distance |
| Angular grains mean a rock has traveled? | Not very long time or distance |
| Well-sorted rocks are? | All the same size |
| Poorly sorted rocks will have? | Rocks of different sizes |
| What is the first step to form a clastic rock? | WEATHER a rock to make sediments |
| What is the second step to form a clastic rock? | TRANSPORT sediments |
| What is the third step to form a clastic rock? | DEPOSIT sediments |
| What is the fourth step to form a clastic rock? | LITHIFICATION |
| How are sediments transported? | Water, glacier, wind, or bio |
| What is deposition? | Sediments settling out of whatever is transporting them |
| What are the two "C"s of lithification? | COMPACTION leads to CEMENTATION |
| What are sedimentary rocks? | Rocks formed from sediments |
| Clastic rocks are formed through? | Weathering of rocks Clas = piece |
| Chemical rocks are formed through? | Precipitation of a solution Evaporation Saturated Ions |
| Biochemical rocks are formed through? | Deposits of organic origin Critters |
| What are some common clastic rocks? | Conglomerates, Breccia, and Sandstone |
| What are evaporites? | Rocks we get from evaporation Chemical Rocks |
| What are two evaporites? | Rock Salt and Rock Gypsum |
| What are the two types of chemical limestone? | Oolitic and Travertine |
| Biochemical rocks may contain? | Shells, fossils, etc |
| What is fossiliferous limestone? | Shell fragments stuck in limestone matric Biochemical rock |
| Swift currents, alluvial fans, rivers, sand dunes, and beaches describe high or low energy depositional environments? | High Energy Depositional Environment |
| Slow currents, lakes, deep marine, slow-moving rivers, parts of the continental shelf describe high or low energy depositional environments? | Low Energy Depositional Environment |
| High energy environments have? | Sand and Gravel |
| Low energy environments have? | Silt and Clay Some Sand |
| Mountain rivers have what kind of energy and what type of rocks? | High Conglomerate |
| Glaciers have what kind of energy and what type of rocks? | High Conglomerate , Breccia |
| What are alluvial fans? | Fan shape deposits of sediment |
| Alluvial fans have what kind of energy and what type of rocks? | High Conglomerate, Breccia, and Sandstone (larger grains) |
| River channels have what type of rock? | Sandstone |
| Floodplains have what type of rocks? | Shale (mud) |
| Dunes have what type of rocks? | Sandstone Well sorted sediments |
| Lakes have what kind of energy and what type of rocks? | Low Shale, Mudstone, Rock Salt, Rock Gypsum |
| Beaches have what kind of energy and what type of rocks? | High Sandstone |
| Continental Shelves have what kind of energy and what type of rocks? | Moderate-Low Shale |
| Reefs have what kind of energy and what type of rocks? | Low Limestone, fossils |
| Deep Seas have what type of rocks? | Chert, Limestone, Chalk |
| What sized grain do high energy environments have? | Big |
| What sized grain do low energy environments have? | Small |
| What impacts how big grains are? | Velocity of wind or water Faster = bigger |
| Symmetrical ripplemarks are found in what environment? | Ocean or beach with waves Shallow sea |
| Asymmetrical ripplemarks form in? | Water and wind Rivers, currents |
| Mudcracks form in what environment? | Lakes, floodplains, deserts Where water collects and dries up |
| Crossbeds form in what environment? | Dunes |
| Symmetrical ripples are called? | Wave Ripples |
| Asymmetrical ripples are called? | Current Ripples |
| What are mud cracks? | Fractures that form as the result of clay-rich sediment DRYING and SHRINKING |
| What are crossbeds? | Tilted layer pattern |
| What is a bed? | Single layer of sediment or sedimentary rock with a recognizable top and bottom |
| What are strata? | Several beds together |
| What is graded bedding? | Grain size changes systematically upward within a single bed Density: Coarse sediments at the bottom, fine at the top |
| What do divergent boundaries do? | Split continents, forming rift basins that collect and preserve sediment to form rock |
| What is a foreland basin? | Wedge shaped depression next to mountain ranges Land pressed down due to weight of mountains created during convergence |
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