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formed elements
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| erythrocytes | RBC most abundant formed element |
| erythrocyte form | biconcave, anucleate, spectrin protein, hemoglobin, outer glycolipid |
| function of RBC | carry oxygen from lungs to tissues carry CO2 from tissues to lungs |
| hemoglobin | 4 globin & 4 hemes |
| how man oxygen does hemoglobin need to be fully saturated | 4 oxygen |
| oxyhemoglobin | at least 1 oxygen bound |
| deoxyhemoglobin | no oxygen bound |
| pulse oximeter | measure color w light to estimate % saturation of oxygen |
| erythropoiesis | RBC production |
| how many RBCs are produced per second & how long goes the process take | 2 million per second & 3-5 days |
| erythropoietin is made where | kidneys |
| erythropoiesis process | myeloid stem cells to erythroblast to reticulocyte to erythrocyte |
| Myeloid stem cells, erythroblasts, and reticulocytes are made where | red bone marrow |
| erythrocytes are where | in vessels |
| lifespan of RBCs | 120 days |
| what removes RBCs | macrophages |
| how is heme broken down by macrophages | iron is stored until new hemoglobin all other remnants convert to bilirubin to bile @ liver then bile leaves intestines |
| how is globin broken down by macrophages | globin to amino acids to build new protein |
| anemia | deficiency of RBC or hemoglobin |
| causes of anemia | blood loss excessive destruction inadequate of faulty synthesis |
| thrombocytes | platelets; fragments of marrow cells called megakaryocytes |
| thrombopoiesis process | myeloid stem cells to megakaryoblasts to megakaryocytes to platelets |
| myeloid stem cells, megakaryoblasts, * megakaryocytes are where | in red bone marrow |
| platelets are where | in blood |
| hemostasis | prevents/ minimize blood loss repairs the rupture |
| steps of hemostasis | 1. vascular spasms 2. platelet plug 3. coagulation |
| primary hemostasis | immediately 1. vasoconstriction to decrease blood loss; stimulated by chemicals released by damaged cells 2. platelet plug formation (platelets get sticky and stick together) |
| secondary hemostasis | 3. coagulation cascade forms clot |
| extrinsic pathway | tissue trauma & takes seconds |
| intrinsic pathway | vessel trauma & takes minutes |
| common pathway | prothrombin to thrombin to fibrinogen to fibrin |
| fibrin + platelet plug | clot formation |
| leukocytes | WBCs |
| leukopenia | low WBC |
| leokocytosis | indicates infection, allergy, disease, sometimes dehydration |
Created by:
huntybaby