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world history
Slavery, Columbian Exchange, American Revolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Columbian Exchange | widespread transfer of people, food, technology, diseases between new world and old world (dramatically reshaped global populations, economies and environment |
| Boston Massacre | incident in 1770 where British soldiers killed 5 colonists, fueling anti-British sentiment and protests against colonial policies |
| Stamp Act | 1765 British laws that taxed printed materials in the colonies, sparking protests and contributing to the revolutionary movement |
| Boston Tea Party | 1773 protest against British taxation where American colonists dumped tea in the Boston Harbor, escalating tensions for the war |
| Natural Rights | philosophy promoted by John Locke that individuals inherently possess rights to life liberty and property |
| Proclamation of 1763 | British decree that forbade colonists from settling west of Appalachians to prevent conflicts with Native Americans |
| Declaration of Independence | 1776 document asserting colonizers Independence from Britain emphasizing natural Rights and grievances |
| Mercantilism | economic system where colonies exist to benefit mother country through trade, accumulated wealth, and resource extraction |
| Declaratory Act | 1766 British law asserting Parliaments authority to legislate over the colonies in all cases whatsoever reinforcing imperial control |
| Puritans | religious reformers who sought to purify the Churches of England and establish colonies like massachusetts for religious freedom |
| Indentured Servants | agree to work for certain # of years for a passage to America and promise of land or freedom after |
| Slavery | forced labor system where Africans and their descendants were enslaved (especially in Southern colonies like Virginia) |
| Virginia Colony | key English colony known for tobacco economy and early use of enslaved labor |
| Tobacco Economy | dominant economic activity in Virginia that relied heavily on enslaved labor to cultivate tobacco for export |
| How did the Coloumbian Exchange reshape the world? | facilitated transfer of people foods diseases and technologies from old world to new world, boosted food supplies, population declined to diseases which transformed societies and economies |
| Why was the impact of Old world diseases on New world humans so devastating? | had no prior exposure or immunity to diseases brought by Europeans which caused catastrophic death rates and indigenous communities to decline |
| How did the philosophy of John Locke influence American political ideas and government? | his ideas about natural Rights, government by consent and right to overthrow unjust ruler (reflected in Declaration - life liberty and pursuit of happiness as inalienable rights) |
| How can historians look at the causes of the American Revolution differently? | can emphasize different causes or focus on other topics |
| How did the economic system of mercantilism work? | Colonies provided raw materials to the mother country to maximize exports and minimize imports ( markets for manufactured good) ( gain wealth and power for the empire) |
| How did laws regarding race and slavery and white supremacy evolve in Virginia in the 1600s and early 1700s? | laws differentiated between African and indentured slaves establishing racial separation ( reinforced white supremacy) |
| How do historians differently interpret the causes of the American Revolution? | some said taxation and trade restriction as primary causes while others say rights and governance ( varies based on their primary focus) |
| Put in order a basic group of historical events leading up to the American Revolution | Proclamation of 1763 Stamp Act of 1765 Townshend Act and other taxes Boston Massacre in 1770 Boston Tea Party in 1773 Coercive Acts First Continental Congress in 1774 Declaration of Independence in 1776 |
| Identify differences between the colonies in New England and the Chesapeake Bay Region | most for religious reasons and education while some focuses on cash crop plantations that relied heavily on slaves |
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