1.Linear Energy Transfer (LET)

Describes the amount of energy radiation deposited per unit length of tissue.

2.Relative Biologic Effectiveness (RBE)

The ability of one type of radiation to cause biologic damage compared to x-rays.

3. Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER)

Increase in radiation damage when oxygen is present.

Radiation directly damages DNA or other critical molecules.

Radiation interacts with water to form free radicals that damage DNA.

The breaking down of water by radiation to form free radicals.

7. Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau

Cells that divide rapidly and are less mature are more radiosensitive.

8.Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS)

A condition caused by a large whole-body radiation dose in a short time. It has 3 types: hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular. It also occurs in 4 stages: prodromal, latent, manifest illness, and recovery or death.

9.Early tissue reactions

Radiation effects caused by high doses that kill cells and occur within minutes to weeks after exposure. They have a threshold dose, and severity increases with dose. Examples include erythema, epilation, and desquamation.

10.Karyotype (Karyotyping)

A photograph/map of chromosomes taken during metaphase used to detect radiation-induced chromosome damage or abnormalities.

The whole-body dose that kills 50% of people within 30 days (about 3–4 Gy in adults without medical support).

12.Stochastic effects

Radiation effects that occur by chance, have no threshold, and whose severity is NOT dose-dependent (example: cancer).

13.Dose–response relationship

A graph showing how biologic effects change as radiation dose increases.

The formation of cancer caused by uncontrolled cell growth, and the most important late effect of radiation.

The radiation dose that doubles the natural mutation rate in a population (about 1.56 Sv in humans).

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03/03/26

Question	Answer
1.Linear Energy Transfer (LET)	Describes the amount of energy radiation deposited per unit length of tissue.
2.Relative Biologic Effectiveness (RBE)	The ability of one type of radiation to cause biologic damage compared to x-rays.
3. Oxygen Enhancement Ratio (OER)	Increase in radiation damage when oxygen is present.
4.Direct action	Radiation directly damages DNA or other critical molecules.
5.Indirect action	Radiation interacts with water to form free radicals that damage DNA.
6.Radiolysis	The breaking down of water by radiation to form free radicals.
7. Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau	Cells that divide rapidly and are less mature are more radiosensitive.
8.Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS)	A condition caused by a large whole-body radiation dose in a short time. It has 3 types: hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular. It also occurs in 4 stages: prodromal, latent, manifest illness, and recovery or death.
9.Early tissue reactions	Radiation effects caused by high doses that kill cells and occur within minutes to weeks after exposure. They have a threshold dose, and severity increases with dose. Examples include erythema, epilation, and desquamation.
10.Karyotype (Karyotyping)	A photograph/map of chromosomes taken during metaphase used to detect radiation-induced chromosome damage or abnormalities.
11.LD 50/30	The whole-body dose that kills 50% of people within 30 days (about 3–4 Gy in adults without medical support).
12.Stochastic effects	Radiation effects that occur by chance, have no threshold, and whose severity is NOT dose-dependent (example: cancer).
13.Dose–response relationship	A graph showing how biologic effects change as radiation dose increases.
14.Carcinogenesis	The formation of cancer caused by uncontrolled cell growth, and the most important late effect of radiation.
15.Doubling dose	The radiation dose that doubles the natural mutation rate in a population (about 1.56 Sv in humans).

Created by: Lozano34

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