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THTR 326 - Exam #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| English Succession | Elizabeth 1 --> James 1 --> Charles 1 --> Interregnujm --> Charles 2 |
| Elizabeth I (1558-1603) – Elizabethan | She dies so haha she leaves the throne Church of england very anti-catholic |
| James I (1603-1625) – Jacobean | Issue: he is catholic so the people don’t like him - public support of theater wanes - has theater in palace for self - really pissing ppl off esp the merchant class bc he wars against protestants |
| Charles I (1625-1642/9) – Caroline | Son of James and no less stubborn Congress was like okay fine we’ll give you money if you sign the PETITION OF RIGHT --- once he signed this parliament left and now he rules with no money |
| Interregnum (1642-1660) | between kings! get ready for puritan rule |
| Charles II (1660-1685) - Restoration | Charles Stewart over on the continent and they were like you wanna be king? And he was like uh yes - first thing puritans do? tear down theaters - law banning actors for five years |
| William D’avenant | He wrote court masques and operas not get around theater censorship |
| Proscenium and Side Wings for The Siege of Rhodes (1656) | designed by John Webb, D'avenant play - First use of perspective scenery that we know of in england |
| Thomas Killigrew (1612-1683) | I think charles 2 you’re great, if i give you money can i have monopoly on all theater in london? (He said yes) |
| George Jolly | Same thing happens to him with theater in london as does killigrew AND D'avenant |
| Lincoln’s Inn Fields (1661) | originally duke's theater, became covent garden, then dorset garden |
| Dorset Garden | duke's company |
| Drury Lane Structure | kings's company |
| Nell Gwyn | Oranges at Killigrew’s and someone thought she was pretty so she became his mistress - He was like wait you’d be good onstage - 1664 she was onstage for first time she became incredibly popular w/ the DUKE'S company |
| Petiton of Right | - Cannot impose martial law in peace time - Cannot raise taxes w/o parliament approval - Cannot imprison citizens w/o a trial - Cannot quarter soldiers with private citizens Yada yada basically our bill of rights |
| after parliament left Charles the 1 basically saying F off what did he do | he stole the crown jewels, was chased around the countryside, cromwell becomes in charge |
| where do pro theater royalists go when theaters are getting torn down | france and spain - indoor theater, perspective scenery, women on stage |
| william beeston | Salisbury Court - Trained a group of boys --- Since they are a boy they cannot be a rogue |
| masques | Allegorical play celebrating someone and then everyone would be gods, Celebration Spectacle dance based show |
| D'avenant opera | The First Day’s Entertainment at Rutland House (May 1656) |
| the three way in london | Killigrew, D'avenant, and Jolly all go to king are are like, we all have a monopoly on theater in london? - K + D are like, "Jolly be an actor" which works and he gets screwed out of the deal |
| King's Company | Killigrew |
| Duke's Company | D'avenant Hottest ticket in town!!! All of the restoration famous plays premiered here |
| restoration Plays and Acting | When the royals went abroad they came and touched with new kinds of plays and the… NEOCLASSICAL RULES - ppl rly do not know who they are writing for, bad plays - improved shakespeare, "an arrogance of every age" |
| Four Types of Tragedy | Main theme: love vs honor Cowardly to not want to fight someone bc they love you Villain/Intrigue Tragedy, Heroic, High/Blank Verse, Pathetic/Sentimental |
| Villain/Intrigue Tragedy | Mysterious and exotic stories, emphasis on villains getting just deserves - Very violent and bloody plays - for mass appeal - restrictions fade bc people love this |
| The Villain | very popular villian tragedy Duke's Company |
| Heroic Tragedy | - Main honor vs love genre - War is most noble effort people can participate in - Heavily indebted to the french and spanish forms john dryden is #1 guy here |
| John Dryden (1631-1700) | was big into heroic trag, then when it falls in popularity does high/blank verse |
| examples of heroic tragedy | often set in strange locales, romantic places (scenery sluts) The Empress of Morocco The Indian Queen Cambyes, King of Persia |
| High/Blank-Verse Tragedy | Improved shakespeare Like an adaptation of Phaedre - Dryden Antony and Cleopatra here - one day, one location - antony goes home to wife, cleopatra has tragic ending |
| Dryden’s All for Love (1678) | heroic drama by John Dryden which is now his best-known and most performed play |
| Pathetic/Sentimental Tragedy | Will become most popular Reflecting a change to more abt the working class Love wins out here!! - Marriage onstage is not arranged, it’s more love and passion - But does end terribly |
| Restoration Comedy | People of “quality” aka the upperclass with witty banter Made fun of the middle class -- Thought audience was mostly royalist and then when this changes people are like eek we gotta fix this |
| Four Types of Comedy | Farce, Burlesque, Intrigue Comedy, Comedy of Humors |
| Farce | Boy meets girl Heavy heavy sexual themes Lots of physical comedy Most popular form in england in comedy |
| Burlesque | mocking another work of art, novels, plays The Rehearsal mocks dryden |
| Intrigue Comedy | Set in very exotic places and costumes Love in the dominant theme More pornographic plays performed in private |
| The Rover by Aphra Behn | Visor Mask If you wear that then they don’t know you’re there Way to be dirty, do things secretly ---Like that scene in Bridgerton I heard about |
| Comedy of Humours Comes from Ben Jonson | - Blood, Vile, Piss, Shit thanks Jeff - Two dimensional character types ---Two much of this acts this way - Bodily humors out of balance - Borderlines a lot on farce - Silly characters in situations ---But character based not situation based |
| Comedy of Manners | Affectations, personalities |
| Comedy of Wit | Upperclass drawing room comedy Watching the upperclass make fun of the middleclass -- But this changes to something like Earnest -----Not expense of someone else |
| Comedy of Tears | Mixture Pathetic comedy Wanna mix genres, have more sentimental Romcom idea |
| Jeremy Collier’s A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage (1698) | anti-theatre pamphlet, |
| The London Merchant by George Lillo | "bourgeois drama" that used middle-class characters, like an apprentice and a prostitute, as tragic heroes, a departure from the royalty and nobility of earlier tragedies |
| RESTORATION ACTING | Ppl dropped character usually Rules for acting, eg how to act shocked - balance, specific, formalized - not personal to the character - internal psych less important than form and telegraphing what is being done |
| Samuel Pepys | Very religious, loved theatre secretly… tragedy hated shakespeare, esp midsummer - he wrote abt the environment a lot |
| Thomas Betterton (c.1635-1710) | Thomas Betterton became star actor of period - Excelled in tragedy and acted basically up until his death - Good at staying in character and “powerful speech” - set the standard - he and Fielding started their own company and got Queen Anne to out Rich |
| Nell Gywn specialty | Comedian Partnered with Charles Hart in a number of comedies |
| Mrs. (Elizabeth) Barry | Tragedy - Noted for her ability to stay in character - She did not drop character when she wasn’t speaking |
| Mrs. (Ann) Bracegirdle | Bracegirdle promoted her chastity - known for playing “good women” - comedy |
| what play made fun of the heroic genre | The Rehearsal by George Villiers’ |
| The Country Wife | By William Wicherly a farce - innuendo (cumming in bath) - style, presentation, manner - asides - women much more intelligent, often udnerestimated |
| So now we’re like, damn, charles is not gonna have a proper successor so what did we create? | THE UNITED COMPANY - Dorsa Garden Theater bc better seating - Drury Lane for comedies |
| Christopher Rich | lawyer like I wanna get into the theater business even tho he knows nothing - causes leads to leave bc they are like booo, but second rate ppl stay bc lead spots just opened |
| So when these companies open they are like.. Women? | Either Ann Marshall or Margeret Hughes as Desdamona in Othello |
| how did women as actresses help progress #feminism | Middle and lower class families, but needed to know how to read to learn lines These women stay unmarried, live free of masculine control, own homes |
| Aphra Behn | Vague connections with the aristocracy, worked as a spy on the dutch for charles ii, not much known abt her origins Returned to england and worked as a scribe for the dukes and kings company She dgaf about greek and latin which wasunique |
| Behn first play | First play was the Forc’d marriage at the dukes |
| Behn was what kind of icon | bicon |
| what did behn talk a lot about after vanishing for three years and then coming back to write comedies | Talked a lot abt female sexuality and male and female homoeroticism |
| The Rover critical analysis | Sexual violence, it’s used as a tool of critique and not dismissal comedically - Carnival and masks, freedom for women - Married at the end, the guy gets what he wants (rewarded) women w/ nothing - pessimistic - patriarchy critique |
| Restoration Theaters | doors preserve perspective - fire hazards - boxes end at proscenium arch - pit = parterre but seated, curved seats pig fat candles that ig do something for jeff sexually?? |
| insane allegory asha wrote about pepys for my HR fans | He’s like shane hollander and theatre is ilya rozanov |
| Colley Cibber (1671-1757) | playwright - Love’s Last Shift |
| George Farquhar (1678-1707) | playwright - The Recruiting Officer and The Beaux’ Stratagem --- plays set in the country - the city isn't all that |
| Important Female Playwrights | Mary Pix, Delariviere Manley, Catherine Trotter |
| Susanna Centlivre | playwright of The Busy Body |
| Sir Richard Steele (1672-1729) | The Conscious Lovers, trend towards sentimentality and greater plot obstacles, rewarding moral values, teach moral lessons, question if human nature is good |
| George Lillo | wrote The London Merchant in a trend to write less about hsitorical figures and more about normal people - challenges to neoclassical rules - apprentices to see these plays so don't rebel against bosses |
| The Beggar’s Opera (1728) by John Gay (1685-1732 | Happened bc ppl loved Italian opera and not confined by the three unities Kings couldn’t control musical forms, only plays |
| Leading Writer of Burlesque | Henry Fielding |
| Henry Fielding (1707-1754) | Tumble-Down Dick, The Historical Register of 1736 -- spoofs, latter was very influential but... his work leads to the evil evil law |
| Robert Walpole | first prime minister of england |
| Thomas and Andrew Killigrew | father and incompetent son, company absorbed into Duke’s Company - became United Company |
| Henry Fielding | Writer of political satire and burlesque |
| Pasquin | by Fielding Heavily critical of the british government Angered a lot of british politicians |
| The Historical Register of 1736 | by Fielding Made even more fun of the british prime minister |
| Licensing Act of 1737 | Restricted King’s right to patents, Limited theatres to those having patents (Drury Lane and Covent Garden), Lord Chamberlain right to prohibit any theater, Required all plays had licensed by the Lord, Only acting for “gain, hire, or reward” w/o approval |
| English Succession again and later | Charles II - end of reign was bad James II - Charles’ brother came to power, very Catholic William III and the Glorious Revolution Crazy Anne - William’s daughter George I ascends in 1714 - second cousin who was king of Germany prime minister moment |
| how did fielding lead to the evil evil law | Rival playwright wanted to ruin fielding so he could be the best political satire writer -- This guy was like hey we cannot have this -- Which led to the evil law |
| what is still done during the licensing act era | Some burlesques still done but mostly just made fun of shakespeare Domestic tragedy also declined |
| Oliver Goldsmith (c.1730-1774) | Poetic Justice really takes off he wrote She Stoops to Conquer |
| Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816) | The Rivals, The School for Scandal - mix of high class and middle class characters |
| Drury Lane (1775) | - Just rebuilding on same spot and making bigger, but same name - Gallery now becomes two different levels - When first created it sat 650 people, at end sat 2300 people |
| Covent Garden Plan (1732) | Replaces Lincoln Inn Field - First built 1300 and then by end 3000 - Wanted to be larger as competition to Drury Lane |
| Necessary Stock Scenery | Temples, tombs, city walls, gates, palace exteriors, palace interiors, streets, chambers, prisons, gardens, rural prospects - playwright write for what the theater had |
| Philippe Jacques De Loutherbourg | One of most prominent designers of the era Not english born, but french |
| Eidophusikon (1781 - 86) | Loutherberg private theater, miniature theater only 6ft by 8ft - created special effects on it that people went bananas for |
| impact of the Eidophusikon | Has a major impact in england bc people are like why are we not seeing this in the actual theater - Instilled the idea of reproductions of real places on stage - Increased the usage of sound effects + light in shows - Adds the idea of realism in design |
| Colley Cibber (1671-1757) | Sentimentalist playwright Eventually manager of drury lane Wrote a journal w info about bts stuff Fop character |
| Robert Wilkes (c.1665-1732) | Comic hero lead |
| Thomas Doggett (c.1670-1721) | just existed as an actor in the 18th century ig nothing burger info on him as in no info but the name |
| Barton Booth (1681-1733) | Began in dublin as many of them did Finest tragic actor of the age |
| Anne Oldfield (1683-1730) | First actress to be buried in westminster abbey |
| James Quin (1693-1766) | this guy was a riot - bellower Quin - declamatory style, popular actor by default, did stupid antics to appease crowds |
| Charles Macklin as Shylock in 1741 | Credited with a more natural style of acting - first actor to do shylock seriously, researched, costume he killed the hallum |
| Two Acting Schools | naturalism, presentational |
| who was a naturalism actor | Richard Burbage Betterton (stayed in part) Macklin |
| who was a presentational actor | Alleyn Mrs. Hart, Mr.s Barry James Quin |
| who combines naturalism and presentational | David Garrick - caused a storm, changed everything - scratched arms, put hands in pockets - convincingly real |
| David Garrick as Richard III | famous oil painting of this - he also made hamlet famous |
| David Garrick and Mrs. Cibber in Venice Preserv’d | oil on canvas painting depicts the actors David Garrick and Susannah Maria Cibber in the roles of Jaffeir and Belvidera in Thomas Otway's 1682 Restoration era tragedy Venice Preserv'd. |
| Garrick and Mrs. Prittchard in Macbeth | the definitive 18th-century English stage pairing for Macbeth, - drury lane - immortalized in paintings |
| what kind of comedy is She Stoops to Conquer | Called a Laughing Comedy - Different than a sentimental comedy - Play was written to be as funny as possible |
Created by:
atallarida