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C3 Crime pt 1
Globalisation and Media in Crime
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are some types of Globalised Crime? | Drug Trade, Money Laundering, Human Trafficking, Cyber Crime |
| What is the Drug Trade? | Drugs are manufactured in a society with a cheaper workforce, relaxed laws and lots of natural resources , then sold to a culture with greater wealth. The global drug trade provides the majority of drugs in the UK, and motivates half of property crime |
| How does Globalisation benefit the Drug Trade? | The increased interconnectedness of the globe allows drugs to be distributed throughout the world easier |
| What is Money Laundering? | Taking money that has been earned illegally and transferring it digitally, to avoid governments noticing unaccounted wealth |
| How does Globalisation benefit Money Laundering? | To allow for easier interconnectedness and communication between cultures, globalisation has occurred with a deregulation of business and finances. This makes it easier to transfer and launder money without getting caught |
| What is Human Trafficking? | The illegal moving of people across boarders for sexual exploitation, forced labour, organ harvesting, payment etc |
| How many Slaves are there estimated to be in the UK? | 13,000 |
| How does Globalisation benefit Human Trafficking? | Increased interconnectedness and communication of the globe has made it easier for traffickers to operate and the increase in immigration has created a large number of vulnerable people that traffickers can target |
| What is Cyber Crime? | Cyber crime is committed using the internet and digital new media, examples include: Internet Fraud, Child Pornography, Terrorist Websites and Recruitments, Cyber Attacks on businesses and governments |
| How does Globalisation increase Cyber Crime? | Due to increased communication across the globe, criminals are now able to commit crime against people in completely different countries to them, making it difficult for them to be caught and prosecuted |
| What are Globalised Organisations? | Subcultures aiming to achieve material wealth and status through illegitimate criminal norms, likely to happen in countries where there is distrust in the state, corrupt governments and inaccessible terrain |
| What types of Globalised Organisations are there? | Established Mafias (Chinese Triads, Italian-American Mafia, Japanese Yakuza), McMafias |
| What are Established Mafias? | Long established traditional organisations, with strong ties to the people and the communities they are in. They are seen as just a normal part of life |
| What are McMafias? | Newer organised crime groups, such as South American Drug Cartels, often seen as more ruthless as their only motivation is profit, not upholding traditional cultural values, they lack strong ties to the local populations |
| How does Globalisation encourage Globalised Organisations? | Increased interconnectedness and communication allows illegitimate criminal organisations to spread their influence and power globally |
| What is an evaluation of Globalised Organisations? | Many o the global organisations aren't really fully organised hierarchal groups, just a series of glocal connections (Networks of individuals with global connections) |
| What is an evaluation of Cyber Crime? | The majority of crime is still committed by the British working class, not global criminals |
| What is an evaluation of Human Trafficking? | This crime has existed for centuries in the form of the Slave Trade, it did not come about because of 60's globalisation |
| What is an evaluation of the Drug Trade? | Feminists may argue that this is an example of Malestream Criminology: Crimes that are studied because men believe they are important based off of their perspectives and experiences, ignoring whether or not the crime is important to women |
| What is an evaluation of Money Laundering? | |
| How has the Deregulation of Workers Rights, caused by Globalisation, cause an increase in Crime? | Global organisations encourage a relaxing of rules to allow easier interconnection, which removes laws to protect workers, leading to economic instability and job insecurity |
| What is an evaluation of Deregulation of Workers Rights? | |
| How has Deindustrialisation, caused by Globalisation, cause an increase in Crime? | Globalisation has encouraged developed nations to move mass production abroad where costs are cheaper. This has impacted the employment of mostly working class men, as they lose jobs, and turn to illegitimate means to make money |
| What is an evaluation of Deindustrialisation? | Increase in Female and Middle Class Offenders |
| How has More Consumerism, caused by Globalisation, cause an increase in Crime? | Globalisation spreads the American global popular culture of materialism and capitalism to other societies, raising each societies material goals to unattainable levels |
| What is an evaluation of More Consumerism? | |
| How has Globalisation caused More Opportunities for Crime? | Globalised new media is digital, dispersed, making it easier for criminals to commit crime anywhere in the world, taking offenders out of jurisdiction of local governments |
| What is an evaluation of More Opportunities for Crime? | |
| How has Individualisation, caused by Globalisation, cause an increase in Crime? | Globalisation causes decreased certainty as global alternative norms and values provide individuals with increased freedom and choice, causing a less cohesive and strong society |
| What is an evaluation of Individualisation as a cause of Globalised Crime? | Modernism vs Postmodernism: Society isn't Individualised, institutions are still strong and influential over individuals |
| How does the Media represent Crime as a Consumer Spectacle? | Crime has become a part of infotainment: crime is used to entertain. Crime is dramatized to attract more viewers, focusing on one off noticeable crimes, gruesome details, psychopaths etc |
| What is an evaluation of Consumer Spectacle? | |
| How does the Media use Crime for Agenda Setting? | The media limits perspectives audiences have on crime, audiences interpret crime based on how it is represented, for example: crimes that harm the working class are shown as unavoidable |
| What is an evaluation of Agenda Setting in regards to Crime? | Uses and Gratification: Audiences do not get affected by media, they choose how they use media: for personal relationships, escaping the real world, keeping surveillance on things that are important to them, etc |
| How does Crime match the Media's News Values? | Journalists have certain criteria that makes a story more exciting and 'news worthy': Proximity, Risk, Children, Violence, Sex etc. Crime stories will be selected and presented to emphasise News Values |
| What is an evaluation of News Values in regards to Crime? | A Marxist would argue that journalists do not choose what to content they produce, the owners of media tell them. The content of media is used to promote capitalist ideals, such as consumerism |
| What is the Backwards Law Theory? | Most people base their knowledge of crime on media, however, people's understanding of crime is the opposite to reality. Sexual offences are overrepresented, women/children/the rich are believed to be at the highest risk of crime, etc |
| What is an evaluation of Backwards Law? | Around 20% of news is investigative journalism that does real research into crimes that occur within the UK, meaning a lot of information presented about crime won't be 'backwards' |
| According to Cohen, how does the Media's presentation of Crime cause Moral Panics? | The media can cause a wave of concern over exaggerated criminal threat to society. Often occurs during times of social change or uncertainty. Crime and deviancy can often be amplified as a result |
| What is an evaluation of Moral Panics? | Post Modern Pluralists argue that audiences are not passive, and are able to make their own assumptions about groups and individuals without the influence of the media |
| How does Deviancy Amplification and Folk Devils cause Crime? | Media and police exaggerated representations of criminals exacerbates crime. Creating hostility between groups, encouraging heavier policing and presenting behaviours for groups to copy will create folk devils: Deviant outsiders blamed for social problems |
| What is an evaluation of Deviancy Amplification and Folk Devils? | Individualisation: The institutions within society are now weak and do not have strong influence over individuals, including their assumptions about groups and individuals presented as criminal in the media |
| How does Media cause Strain and Raising Goals of Society, and how does that lead to Crime? | Popular culture focuses on materialism and consumerism, encouraging higher expectations of the shared material lifestyle goals of society. When people cannot achieve these impossible goals, they turn to illegitimate criminal means |
| What is an evaluation of Strain and Raising Goals of Society? | Post Modernism: Society has become too uncertain to define everyone's goals, some individuals have materialistic goals, whilst others don't |
| How does Desensitisation of Violence cause Crime? | Audience exposure to violent media causes people to be less anxious/shocked when exposed to real life violence. This allows audiences to accept and engage in violent crime easier when confronted |
| What is an evaluation of Desensitisation of Violence? | It has been argued that violent media actually causes sensitisation of violence, causing people to be more aware of the harms of violence and therefore more likely to avoid it in real life |
| How does Media Reducing Social Control cause Crime? | Popular culture portrays traditional institutions as hypocritical, ineffective and outdated, reducing the impact that institutions have on individuals and incentivising them to be deviant and commit crime as they believe the institutions cannot stop them |
| What is an evaluation of Media Reducing Social Control? | Selective Filtering: Individuals are able to use different tactics to filter out content that does not match their already existing ideas, this means that media cannot influence audiences to believe that institutions are ineffective |
Created by:
Skyelark