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Colonies Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Artisan | Someone who specializes in one trade, skill, or type of work. Examples: blacksmiths, silversmiths, carpenters, etc. |
| Gentry - Highest Class | This was the highest class of people. These were wealthy landowners, church leaders, politicians, and mostly rich white men who owned property. They could vote. |
| Slavery | People kidnapped from West Africa and forcibly taken to the Colonies to work on plantations, or large farms. They were not paid, treated terribly, and were treated terribly. |
| Gristmills | Machines used for grinding wheat into flour for baking breads. |
| Cash Crops | A crop that was sold for money like tobacco. |
| Puritans | Strict Christians from New England that punished people that disagreed with their practices. They brought charges on suspected witches. |
| Anne Hutchinson | She was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for disagreeing with Puritan beliefs. She and her followers left for Rhode Island in 1638. |
| Roger Williams | A church leader who disagreed with Puritans. Founded the colony of Rhode Island for religious freedom. |
| Proprietor | Someone that owns land or property. The New York and New Jersey colonies were owned by English individuals. |
| New Netherlands | The first settlement of Middle Colonies. The Dutch or Netherlands founded New Netherlands on Manhattan island. New Netherlands was a trading post that traded furs, timber, and tobacco. It was later claimed by the English and named New York. |
| Fur Trade | The French and Netherlands came to the New World to trade animals furs with Native Americans since furs were valuable for clothing in Europe. |
| Quakers | A group of Christians founded by William Penn that believed people could pray in their own way, women could be preachers, and disagreed against slavery. They founded Pennsylvania. |
| Diverse Populations | Many different types of people. New York and New Jersey had many different cultures of people living there. |
| Barter | To trade. Most colonial people traded. |
| Mayflower Compact | A document or agreement that stated that the Pilgrims of Plymouth, Massachusetts would govern themselves and vote for decisions. |
| Plymouth | The first settlement of the New England colonies. The pilgrims landed in Plymouth for religious freedom. |
| Jamestown | The first English settlement of the New World. The settlers landed in Virginia and grew tobacco. John Smith was the leader. Pocahontas saved his life. |
| Plantations | Large farms that grew cash crops like tobacco, cotton, rice, and indigo. |
| Colony | Land owned by another country. |
| England or Great Britain | The country that owned the 13 colonies. |
| 13 Colonies | England owned 13 colonies in the New World. These were Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia. |
| Meetinghouses | The New England colonies had these buildings where decisions and voting took place. Only church-going men who owned property could vote. |
| Charter | A document from a country saying that you can create a colony in a place. |
| House of Burgesses | The first representative government in the colonies. It was in Virginia. There were 22 representatives that would vote to make decisions. |
| New England Colonies | The region of the English colonies that contained Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. Rocky soil for only small farms. The summers were warm, but winters were long and cold. Growing season was only about 5 months. |
| Middle Colonies "Breadbasket" Colonies | The region of the English colonies that contained New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware. Had rich soil and a warmer climate. Great for growing wheat. Hunted deer and beaver for food and fur. |
| Southern Colonies | The region of the English colonies that contained Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Warm almost all year long. Rich soil and long growing season. Plantations thrived growing tobacco and rice as cash crops. |
| Export | A product sold to another country or place. |
| Import | A product that you bring into or buy from another country or place. |
| Triangular Trade | A trade network that developed in the 1600s and 1700s where Europe, Africa, and Asia traded with one another. Unfortunately, part of this trade was the forced taking of people from West Africa to be enslaved. |
| Catholics | A Christian group that helped create the colony of Maryland. |
| Tobacco | A cash crop grown in the Southern Colonies. People would smoke this plant before they realized it causes cancer. |
| Religious Freedom | The belief that everyone should be able to worship freely. Many groups believed this in the colonies. |
| Georgia | A colony that was created for English people who had been sent to jail for debt (They owed money but couldn't pay it). People could work in Georgia to pay off their owed money. |
| Economy | A system of jobs, business, and how a group of people buy, share, and use goods. |
Created by:
jheideman