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News Principles Q2
Review for News Priniclples Quiz Two
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Structured Data | information organized into a standardized, machine-readable format to describe content, allowing search engines to understand and display it more effectively |
| Unstructured Data | raw, text-heavy information, such as articles, reports, transcripts, social media posts, and multimedia, that lacks a predefined, rigid format |
| Search Functions | retrieval of information from electronic repositories or government records;using keywords,(AND, OR, NOT), and filters to get facts, public records, and historical context. Allow journalists to verify information and maintaining credibility. |
| Interviewing Data | process of treating datasets as a source, involving querying, filtering, and analyzing information to uncover trends, patterns, and anomalies. |
| How open-source information is different from human sources | relying exclusively on publicly available, digital, or recorded data (social media, databases, public records) rather than confidential interviews or direct, private human testimony (HUMINT |
| Classified data | classified data is restricted, sensitive information obtained secretly or through leaks; Classified reporting relies on confidential sources and often involves material restricted by governments. |
| Access journalism | prioritizes maintaining personal relationships with elite, powerful, or famous sources for insider information. access journalism often risks sacrificing objectivity and critical inquiry to maintain high-level political or corporate access. |
| Open-source Information | the practice of investigating and reporting stories by analyzing publicly available, legal sources; such as social media, satellite imagery, public records, and user-generated content, rather than relying solely on confidential"shoe-leather" reporting |
| Data Visualization | the process of turning insights into visual formats like charts and graphs so that the information is easier to understand |
| Data Visualization Examples | Bar charts, Line charts, Pie charts, Scatter charts, Histograms, Heatmaps, Area charts , Box plots, Bubble charts , Tree maps, Word clouds, Pictogram charts, Streamgraphs, Bullet graphs, Gantt charts, and Waterfall charts |
| Data Visualization Tools and Software | Microsoft Excel (and Power BI), Google Charts, Tableau, Zoho Analytics, Datawrapper, and Infogram |
| Effective Data Visualization | Know your audience, Choose the right type of visualization, Keep it simple, Use colors strategically, Provide context with labels, and Maintain accuracy |
| Editorial Fact‑Checking | the process of verifying all facts in a story before publication; A fact‑checker reviews claims, sources, interviews, and supporting materials. |
| Political Fact-Checking | a third-party watchdog, in which an organization double-checks claims made by politicians and other public figures |
| Magazine Model Fact-Checking | Most rigorous; a dedicated fact‑checker reviews every factual element. Common for: long features, investigative pieces, narratives & podcasts, and legally sensitive stories; Fact‑checker may re‑interview sources and find new sources |
| Newspaper Model Fact-Checking | Writers verify their own facts. Editors and copy editors do spot‑checks. Works best for: breaking news, short, quick pieces, and straightforward beat reporting |
| Hybrid Model Fact-Checking | Mix of the two: Newspaper model for short or urgent stories and Magazine model for complex or legally risky stories |
| Fact‑Checking Best Practices | a clear editorial workflow with defined responsibilities. Strong evidence for: scientific claims, accusations, and health/medical claims; Use checklists for: names, titles, places, ages, dates, timelines, basic numbers and stats, pronouns, and spellings |
| Common Red Flags in Fact-Checking | False balance (giving undue weight to fringe ideas), Big, unsupported claims without strong sources, Single‑source claims, especially in sensitive stories, and thin sourcing in pitches |
| Legal Issues Fact‑Checking Helps Prevent | Defamation, Invasion of privacy, Copyright infringement, and Plagiarism |
| Chronolocation | Identifying the location of shadows and the sun to identify the time of day |
| Megan's Law Public Website | Open-source information that was created to inform local communities about sex offenders in the area |
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