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chapter 19
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is a code? | A life-threatening emergency in the hospital (ex: cardiac arrest). |
| what is a crash cart ? | a cart contains emergency medications and supplies used during a code |
| what items are found in a crash cart besides medications | syringes, IV tubes, standard IV base solution, and other emergency supplies |
| what must a pharmacy technician do after a code | restock the cart, replace used items, check expiration dates, and remove expired products |
| after recording items used during a code, what happens to the crash cart change form | the information is entered into the facility computerized billing system |
| what is TPN | total parental nutrition - IV nutrition for patients who cannot use their GI tract |
| what does TPN contain | dextrose, amino acids, lipids, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements |
| who usually prepares TPN | the pharmacy under sterile compounding conditions |
| what is a common risk of TPN | infection |
| what are vitamins | organic substance necessary for normal metabolic function |
| what do vitamins act as in the body | coenzymes and chemicals needed for enzymes to perform metabolic functions |
| what happens with vitamin deficiency | it results into inadequate dietary intake |
| how are vitamins classified | fat soluble and water soluble |
| another name for vitamin A | retinol |
| what is vitamin A important for | vision, growth, immune function, reproduction |
| food sources of vitamin a | carrots, sweet potatoes, leafy greens, butter, egg yolk, liver |
| vitamin a deficiency causes | night blindness |
| signs of vitamin a toxicity | nausea, vomting, headache, hair loss , irritability, dry skin |
| what does vitamin d regulate | calcium and phosphate levels |
| where is vitamin d produced | in the skin from sunlight |
| vitamin deficiency causes | rickets (children), osteomalacia ( adults) |
| signs of vitamin d toxicity | high calcium levels, kidney stones, muscle weakness |
| what is the function of vitamin e | antioxidant |
| sources of vitamin e | nuts, seeds, vegetables oils |
| what is vitamin k essential for | blood clotting |
| vitamin k deficiency leads to | bleeding disorders |
| function of vitamin b1 | carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function |
| deficiency of b1 causes | beriberi |
| function of b2 | energy production and cellular respiration |
| deficiency of b2 causes | cracks at corners of mouth, sore throat |
| function of b3 | energy metabolism and cholesterol management |
| serene b3 deficiency causes | pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea , dementia) |
| role of b5 | precursor to coenzyme |
| role of b6 | amino acids metabolism and neurotransmitters production |
| why is folic acid important in pregnancy | prevents neural tube defects |
| what is required for b12 absorption | intrinsic factor |
| b12 deficiency can cause | anemia and nerve damage |
| what percentage of the human body is water | about 50-60% (varies by age, sex, and body composition |
| what is edema | excess fluid accumulation in tissue causing swelling |
| what is dehydration | loss of body water greater than intake |
| what are common causes of dehydration | vomiting, diarrhea, fever, excessive sweating, burns |
| what are two main fluid compartments of the body | intracellular fluid and extra cellular fluid |
| What is intracellular fluid (ICF)? | Fluid inside the cells (majority of body fluid). |
| What is extracellular fluid (ECF)? | Fluid outside the cells (includes plasma & interstitial fluid). |
| what are in fluids used for | to replace fluids and electrolytes lost through dehydration or illness |
| what is an isotonic solution | Has similar concentration as blood plasma. |
| Example of isotonic solution? | 0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline). |
| What is a hypertonic solution? | Higher concentration of solute than body fluids. |
| What happens to cells in a hypertonic solution? | Cells shrink. |
| what are electrolytes? | minerals that carry electrical changes when dissolved in water |
| what are cations | positivity changes ions ( ex: sodium, potassium, calcium) |
| what are anions | negatively charged ions (ex: chloride, bicarbonate) |
| where are electrolytes measured | in mEq |
| function of sodium | maintains fluid balance and nerve/ muscle function |
| what is hyponatremia | low sodium |
| what is hypernatremia | high sodium |
| function of potassium | essential for heart rhythm and muscle contraction |
| what is hypokalemia | low potassium |
| what is hyperkalemia | high potassium |
| function of calcium | bone formation, muscle contraction, nerve function |
| what can too much calcium cause | kidney stones |
| function of magnesium | enzyme activity and muscle/ nerve function |
| function of chloride | maintains fluid balance and acid- base balance |
| what is 0.9% sodium used for | fluid replacement, dehydration |
| what is sodium bicarbonate used for | treating metabolic acidosis |
| what is calcium chloride used for | hypocalcemia and electrolytes imbalance |
| what is water soluble vitamins | vitamin B and C |
| what are fat soluble vitamins | vitamin A, D,E,K |
Created by:
iiana