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Civil Rights
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plessy V. Ferguson | It is ok for schools/ businesses to be separate as long as they are equal. |
| Civil Rights | rights of citizens to political, social freedom and equality. |
| Southern Manifesto | Document signed by over 100 Southern Congressman vowing to fight Brown v. Board. |
| Little Rock Nine | After Brown vs the Board of Ed. 9 black students were chosen to attend the previously all white Little Rock Central High School. |
| Jim Crow Laws | laws that enforced segregation in public facilities. |
| Freedom Summer 1964 | campaign to using volunteers to register as many black voters as possible in Mississippi. |
| Boynton V. Virginia | Segregation on interstate buses and in waiting rooms was illegal. also Colleges went on buses from Washington DC to new Orleans, know as the freedoms riders. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1957 | Pres Eisenhower established a Civil Rights Commission which had power to investigate Civil Rights Violations. |
| Civil Disobedience | the refusal to comply with certain laws as a peaceful form of political protest. |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored people (_____) worked to overturn Plessy vs Ferguson. |
| CORE | Congress of racial equality. Believed in nonviolent ways to gain Civil Rights. Organized the Freedom Rides. |
| SCLC | Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Led by Martin Luther King Jr. Led a prayer pilgrimage to Washington D.C. |
| SNCC | The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ____ In the early 1960s, young Black college students conducted sit-ins around America to protest the segregation of restaurants. |
| NATION OF ISLAM | a religious group that believed in the separation of races. Malcom X he joins (____ __ ___) becomes a speaker. He was killed by members of the nations of islam in new york. |
| BLACK PANTHERS | led by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton. They believed blacks should carry guns and wanted to end police brutality. |
| Thurgood Marshall – (two things) | would become the first African American to be named to the Supreme court. |
| Orval Faubus | He calls in Arkansas National Guard to resist integration. |
| Eugene “Bull” Connor | was the Birmingham Alabama Police Chief |
| James Merideth | wanted to be the first black student to attend the University of Mississippi. |
| Huey Newton and Bobby Seale | ______ ______ and _____ _____founded the Black Panther Party (originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense). In formulating a new politics, they drew on their work with a variety of Black Power organizations. |
| Malcom X | changed his name from Malcolm Little which he considered his slave name. believed in racial separation because the U.S. legal system oppresses people of color. tired of waiting didn’t like the peaceful protests that resulted in jail. |
| James Earl Ray | He Shot and killed MLK people say he is super racist and he was working with the FBI or the government OR he was doing it for the money. |
| Robert F. Kennedy | Attorney General for JFK / Johnson was assassinated just two months after MLK. |
| John F. Kennedy | helped to negotiate his release which won him votes in 1960 |
| Tommy Smith and John Carlos | win gold and bronze in 1968 in the 200 meter dash. They made the Black Power Symbol on the Medal Stand They were stripped of their medals and banned from the olympics. They were guilty of violating the Olympic spirit by making a political statement |
| George Wallace | Alabama Governor, Segregation now, segregation tomorrow and segregation forever he won electoral votes |
| How many people died in the 1967 Detroit Race Riots? What effect did it have on the city’s population? | The Riots lasted for 5 days, 43 people were killed and 342 injured Detroit was two million people in the mid 60’s. After 1967 2/3 of the population left the city. |
| When and where was MLK assassinated? | MLK stays at the Lorraine Motel April 4, Memphis, TN |
| What events followed the refusal of Rosa Parks to sit at the back of the bus? Where? | Ala 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott. Led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the Black community organized carpools and walked to protest, leading to a 1956 Supreme Court ruling declaring bus segregation unconstitutional. |
| List and describe four things enacted as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. What did ML King think was missing in the bill? | 1)banned segregation in public (Jim Crow) 2)Gave the Federal Government the power to integrate schools. 3)Outlawed discrimination in employment. 4)Established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission which investigated job discrimination. |
| What type of protests did Martin Luther King Jr. call for and why did he want them that way? | Violence against peaceful protesters made many supporters of the movement. |
| Why did King want to march from Selma to Montgomery in 1965? Describe Bloody Sunday. | Violence in Selma became known as ______ _____. Eventually the marchers made it to Montgomery. |
| Why did MLK and others target Birmingham Alabama? What did the city do in response to King’s sit-ins and marches? Why was King arrested? | because it was one of America's most severely segregated, violent Bull Connor, responded with mass arrests, high-pressure fire hoses, and police dogs on protestors for defying a state court injunction against marching. |
| Where did Freedom Riders try to go? How did they defy segregation codes? What deal did President Kennedy work out with leaders in Mississippi? | buses from Washington DC to New Orleans to confirm Boynton vs Virginia. Kennedy says you will protect the riders with Mississippi State Troopers. We will not interfere with state laws. |
| What was the Kerner Commission? Who formed it? What did it accomplish? | Established to investigate Civil Rights violations and causes of Civil Rights problems. |
| What were two cases the NAACP were involved in that were victories for Civil Rights? Describe them. | Hernandez vs Texas: threw out a Texas law that denied Hispanics from serving in a jury trial. Plessy v Ferguson: It is ok for schools/ businesses to be separate as long as they are equal. |
| Describe the impact of each of the following President’s on the Civil Rights Movement. Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson. | Eisenhower: Enforced school desegregation at Little Rock, Kennedy: Sent troops to protect desegregation & Proposed a major civil rights bill in 1963., Johnson: Passed Civil Rights Act 1964 and Voting Rights Act |
| What were two things that the March on Birmingham (and the reaction by Bull Connor) directly resulted in. | violent response—using police dogs and fire hoses on child protesters, and international outrage that forced the desegregation of Birmingham businesses and provided the crucial momentum for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| What were two things that Bloody Sunday (Selma to Montgomery voting rights march) directly resulted in? | National outrage and support for voting rights and Passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
| Why was the Brown vs Board of Education ruling so important? | |
| Martin Luther King Jr’s strategy for gaining Civil Right was based on what two things? |
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