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Kyndall Carroll Ch9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Schizophrenia | According to the NIMH, a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves; people with it seem like they have lost touch with reality. |
| Echolalia | The repetition of words or phrases. |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) | A disability wherein symptoms fall on a continuum from relatively mild to severe. |
| Neuronal Under connectivity | Deficiency in communication among neurons in the brain; considered a major problem in persons with autism spectrum disorders. |
| Frontal Lobes | 2 lobes located the front of the brain; responsible for executive functions; site of abnormal development in people with ADHD. |
| Occipital Lobes | An area in the posterior portion of the brain, largely devoted to visual perceptual processing. |
| Autistic Regression | Circumstances whereby a child develops normally but then loses some speech and social skills; usually occurs between 1 and 3 years old; cause unknown. |
| Joint Attention | The process by which one person alerts another to a stimulus via nonverbal means, such as gazing or pointing. |
| Communicative Intent | The need to communicate for social reasons; thought to be lacking in most children with autism. |
| Pragmatics | The study within psycholinguistics of how people use language in social situations; emphasizes the functional use of language rather than mechanics. |
| Hidden Curriculum | The dos and don'ts of social interactions that most people learn incidentally or with little instruction but that remain hidden from those with Asperger Syndrome. |
| Mute | Possessing no, or almost no, language; characteristic of many with autism. |
| Camouflaging | Behaving in a way that hides one's differentness in order to appear similar to people in the general population. |
| Stereotyped Motor or Verbal Behaviors | Repetitive, ritualistic motor behaviors such as twirling, spinning objects, flapping hands, and rocking, similar to Ghose that are evident in some people who are blind. |
| Synesthesia | Occurs when the stimulation of one sensory or cognitive system results in the stimulation of another sensory or cognitive system. |
| Autism Savant Syndrome | A condition in which the individual displays behaviors characteristic of autism spectrum disorder but also has remarkable skills or talents, which often involve preoccupation with memorization. |
| Executive Functioning | The ability to regulate one's behavior through working memory, inner speech, control of emotions and arousal levels, and analysis of problems and communications of problem solutions to others. |
| Central Coherence | The inclination to bring meaning to stimuli by conceptualizing it as a whole; thought to be weak in people with ASD. |
| Theory of Mind (ToM) | The ability to take another's perspective in a social exchange; the ability to infer another person's feelings, intentions, desires, etc; impaired those with ASD. |
| Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) | Highly Structured approach that focuses on teaching functional skills and continuous assessment of progress; grounded behavioral learning theory. |
| Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) | Evaluation that consists of finding out the consequences, antecedents, and setting events that maintain inappropriate behaviors. |
| Positive Behavioral Intervention and Support (PBIS) | Systematic use of the science of behavior to find ways of supporting desirable behavior rather than punishing undesirable behavior. |
| Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) | Based on the assumption that some skills are critical, or pivotal, in order for the individual to be able to function in other areas. |
| Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention | A program anchored in the applied behavioral analysis tradition that emphasizes the role of parents as interventionists, and requires considerable time commitments from therapists and parents in implementing very structured training on discrete skills. |
| Person-Centered Planning | A method of planning for people with disabilities that places the person and the person's family at the center of the planning process. |
| Community Residential Facilities | A place, usually a group home, in an urban or residential neighborhood where about 3-10 adults with intellectual disabilities live under supervision. |
| Supported Living | An approach to living arrangements for those with disabilities and/ or intellectual disabilities that stresses living in natural settings rather than institutions. |
| Competitive Employment/Supported Competitive Employment | A workplace that provides employment that pays minimum wage and in which most workers do not have disabilities. |
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kyndallcarroll