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Unit 7 vocab quiz

QuestionAnswer
Addition rxn A halogen atom (or atoms) replaces a double or triple bond within an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Alcohol An organic molecule that contains at least one -OH (hydroxyl) group attached to the carbon chain. Ex: CH3OH (methanol), CH3CH2OH (ethanol).
Aldehyde An organic molecule that contains a carbonyl group attached to primary/terminal carbon. Ex: HCHO (methanal), CH3CHO (ethanal).
Alkane A saturated hydrocarbon; a hydrocarbon containing all single bonds; a hydrocarbon with no double or triple bonds.
Alkene An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one double bond.
Alkyne An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one triple bond.
Amide An organic molecule that contains a carbonyl group attached to a nitrogen within the carbon chain. Ex: HCONH2 (methanamide), CH3NHCH3 (ethanamide).
Amine An organic molecule that contains nitrogen which is attached to only carbon or hydrogen. Ex: CH3NH2 (methylamine), CH3NHCH3 (dimethylamine).
Amino acid An organic molecule that contains one carboxyl group bonded to a primary/terminal carbon and at least one amine group bonded to either a primary or secondary carbon.
Condensation polymerization A chemical reaction that involves linking two molecules together by eliminating a molecule of water.
Dehydration synthesis (see condensation polymerization).
Ester An organic molecule containing a carboxyl group attached to secondary/interior carbon.
Esterification A dehydration synthesis reaction that joins an organic acid and alcohol; a reaction that involves the removal of water to join and organic acid and an alcohol.
Ether An organic compound consisting of two hydrocarbon chains joined together by a single oxygen atom.
Fermentation A chemical reaction that involves breaking down glucose (sugar) in the absence of oxygen to produce ethanol, carbon dioxide, and water.
Functional group A substructure that determines the chemical properties of a molecule (Ex; carboxylic acid group)
Halide (halocarbon) An organic molecule containing one or more halogens (F, CL. Br, I, At)
Hydrocarbon An organic molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen.
Isomer Molecules that have the same molecular formula and different structural formulas.
Ketone An organic molecule with a carbonyl group attached to a secondary/interior carbon.
Monomer A single molecule or subunit.
Organic acid/Carboxylic acid An organic molecule containing a carboxyl group bonded to a primary/terminal carbon.
Organic chemistry The study of molecules containing carbon AND hydrogen
Polymer Two or more monomers/molecules/subunits chemically combined.
Polymerization The joining together of monomer units by addition reactions or dehydration synthesis to form polymers.
Primary Positional description referring to a carbon at the end of a hydrocarbon chain; terminal
Saponification The process of making soap from the hydrolysis of an ester by a strong base (glycerol is also a byproduct).
Saturated hydrocarbon An alkane; a hydrocarcbon containing all single bonds; a hydrocarbon with no double or triple bonds.
Secondary Positional description referring to an interior carbon that is bonded to exactly two other carbons.
Substitution rxn Halogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms on an alkane/saturated hydrocarbon.
Tertiary Positional description referring to an interior carbon that is bonded to exactly three other carbons.
Unsaturated hydrocarbon Alkene or alkyne; an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one double and/or triple bond.
Created by: Sillyflamingo
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