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Bio 2 - GLOSS - 05

🧬📗1️⃣ Module 4 - BIOLOGY GLOSSARY - SET 5

QuestionAnswer
fungal filaments Thread‑like fungal structures that grow through soil and help absorb nutrients for the plant–fungus partnership.
fungal sheath A protective fungal covering that surrounds plant roots and increases nutrient‑absorbing capacity.
fungal penetration The process by which fungal hyphae enter root tissues to form a functional symbiotic connection.
white rot fungus A type of fungus capable of breaking down lignin, contributing to decomposition and nutrient recycling.
lignin digestion The breakdown of lignin in plant cell walls, allowing organic matter to decompose and nutrients to return to the soil.
litter decomposition The biological breakdown of dead plant material, enriching soil and supporting plant growth.
ramified hyphae Highly branched fungal filaments that increase contact with soil particles and improve nutrient uptake.
filament ramification The branching of fungal filaments that expands the surface area for nutrient absorption.
fungal–root union The physical and functional connection between fungal hyphae and plant roots in mycorrhizal symbiosis.
nutrient absorption The uptake of essential minerals and water by plants, enhanced by fungal partners.
phosphate uptake The absorption of phosphate from soil, significantly improved by mycorrhizal fungi.
nitrogen uptake The acquisition of nitrogen compounds from soil, supported by fungal associations.
surface‑area expansion The increase in effective root surface area due to fungal hyphae, improving nutrient and water absorption.
sugar transfer The movement of plant‑produced sugars to fungi as part of the mutualistic exchange.
ectomycorrhiza A type of mycorrhiza where fungi form a sheath around roots and penetrate between root cells.
endomycorrhiza A type of mycorrhiza where fungi penetrate root cells to form internal nutrient‑exchange structures.
soil biota Living organisms in soil, including fungi, bacteria, and small animals, that support nutrient cycling.
decomposers Organisms that break down dead organic matter, releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem.
detritus processing The breakdown of dead plant and animal material into simpler compounds.
nutrient cycling The continuous movement and transformation of nutrients through soil, plants, fungi, and decomposers.
organic matter breakdown The decomposition of biological material that enriches soil fertility.
plant–fungus coevolution The long-term evolutionary relationship in which plants and fungi adapt together for mutual benefit.
interspecies interactions Biological relationships between different species, such as plants and fungi, that influence survival and reproduction.
underground biodiversity The variety of living organisms in soil ecosystems that support plant growth and reproductive success.
soil ecosystem dynamics The interactions among soil organisms, nutrients, and environmental factors that affect plant survival and reproduction.
Created by: francisslavin002
 

 



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