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2026 Mine Rescue

Statements of Fact

Question	Answer
Three elements must be present for an explosion to occur: fuel, oxygen, and heat ( ________).	ignition
Permanent seals should be well hitched in the roof, floor, and ribs to make them as airtight as ________	possible
Electrical fires are ____ extinguished by nonconducting agents such as carbon dioxide and certain dry chemicals	best
Under _________ circumstances should ventilation be altered without orders to do so from the command center	no
"Class A" fires are best extinguished by cooling with water or by blanketing with ________ dry chemicals	certain
The first priority of rescue and recovery operations is ________ safety	team
The second priority of rescue and recovery operations is the _______ of survivors	rescue
The third priority of rescue and recovery operations is the recovery of the ______	mine
A fresh air base is ___________ at the point where conditions no longer permit barefaced exploration	established
Hydrogen can be liberated when water or steam comes in contact with hot _________ materials	carbon
Explosions in coal mines are _______ often caused by ignitions of methane, coal dust, or a combination of the two	most
An indication of an explosion may be a jump in the pressure recording chart for the _______ fan	main
Gas readings must be taken in the returns near the ________ area to determine if the mine atmosphere is potentially explosive	fire
Seals in high volatile coalbeds are often placed 1,000 feet or______ from the fire area	more
When sealing a mine fire, you should be careful to ensure that there are no abrupt changes in the ventilation _____ the fire area	over
Non-metallic sampling- pipes are inserted in temporary and permanent seals for the purpose of collecting air samples from the _______ area	sealed
Before going underground to explore for a fire or to fight a fire, the team should know about any possible ignition sources that may exist in the __________ area	affected
Before a fresh air base is advanced, gas tests should be _______ in all dead ends and high places between the old and new fresh air base	made
_________ captain may order the team to return immediately to the fresh air base if a team member's apparatus malfunctions	Your
In potentially explosive atmospheres, nonsparking tools, nails, and _________ should be used	spads
When you have located a barricade, you should try to determine whether the _______ inside are still alive and conscious	miners
Carbon _____________ is a product of incomplete combustion of any carbon material	monoxide
_____________ of seals prematurely can cause a re-ignition of a fire or an explosion	Opening
Specific gravity is the weight of a gas compared to an equal volume of ________ air under the same temperature and pressure	normal
The explosive range of methane in air is 5 to 15 __________ percent	volume
The lower __________ limit of hydrogen is 4.0 percent	explosive
Acetylene is formed when methane is burned or _________ in air having a low oxygen content	heated
Continual exposure to hydrogen __________ may dull the sense of smell	sulfide
The specific gravity of methane is __________	0.5545
The specific gravity of carbon _________ is 1.5291	dioxide
The specific gravity of carbon ______________ is 0.9672	monoxide
Blackdamp is a mixture of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and air which is oxygen ____________	deficient
Smoke usually contains carbon monoxide and other toxic or asphyxiating gases _____________ by fires	produced
Breathing air containing 10 percent carbon ___________ causes violent panting and can lead to death	dioxide
The ________ symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning is a slight tightening across the forehead and possibly a headache	first
High temperatures (or ____________) cause gases to expand so they diffuse more quickly	heat
Small hydrogen explosions, known as hydrogen "pops" are fairly _____________ in firefighting	common
Explosions, fires, and other disasters frequently result in ______________ roof and rib conditions	weakened
Before a rescue team goes underground, it will ________ a briefing session	attend
The range of each gas sensor should be determined _________ to taking a gas detector underground for mine rescue use	prior
Regulators are used in mine ventilation to regulate ________ to meet the individual needs of each air split.	airflow
Overcasts are used to permit two air currents to cross without the intake air short circuiting to the	return
When reporting _________________ to the fresh air base, be sure you are clearly and correctly identifying locations	anything
The lower explosive limit of carbon ________________ is 12.5 percent	monoxide
The basic principle of mine ventilation is that air always moves from high to low pressure _____________	regions
Coking or coke streamers, if encountered, should be __________ in location and size	reported
Rock dust is most ________________ used to fight a fire by applying it by hand or by shoveling it onto the fire	successfully
A member of a rescue team must be examined by a ______________ at least annually	physician
The_________________purposes of sealing a mine fire are to contain the fire to a specific area and to exclude oxygen from the fire and eventually smother it	purposes
______________ fires are “Class C” fires.	Electrical
________ signal (pull) or “Stop” means that the rescue team wants to stop	One
Two signals (pulls) or “Advance” means that the rescue team is going to _________, move toward the captain	advance
Three signals (pulls) or “Retreat” means that the rescue team is going to _____________, move toward the No. 5 person (last Person)	retreat
Four signals (pulls) or “Distress or Emergency” means that the rescue team is in _____________ or emergency	distress
Team members should __________ from drinking alcoholic beverages for at least 12 to 18 hours before they get under oxygen	refrain
Barefaced exploration should stop at any point where disruptions in ventilation are _________	found
During _______________, teams will work according to a rotation schedule	exploration
Smoke consists of ____________ particles of solid and liquid matter suspended in the air	tiny
The fresh air base should be situated where it can be ________ to the command center by means of a communication system	linked
Communications must be _________________ between the fresh air base and command center at all times	maintained
Toxic gases are produced by burning rubber, ___________, or polyvinyl chloride (PVC)	neoprene
The recommended extinguisher for mine rescue teams is a dry chemical type that contains monoammonium ____________	phosphate
A monoammonium phosphate extinguisher is effective in ________ Class A, B, and C fires	fighting
___________ is useful only in fighting Class A and B fires	Foam
Exploration is the term used to describe the process of assessing conditions underground and locating miners or clues to their ______________	whereabouts
Whenever possible, it is best to ________ the mine by way of the safest intake airway	enter
Barefaced exploration should be attempted only when a back-up mine rescue team with apparatus is _________ available	immediately
The fresh air base is the _________ of operations from which the rescue and recovery teams can advance into irrespirable atmospheres	base
When rescue teams travel in smoke, all team members should _______ onto the lifeline or be linked together by means of a linkline	hold
Team members cannot travel into or through water over waist deep (water cannot _________ apparatus)	contact
Air courses separated by stoppings must be _________ on both sides (tied in) where accessible to assure the safety of the team	examined
Before opening and traveling through any stopping inby which conditions are not definitely known, you should first erect a _________ stopping outby	temporary
A debriefing is a ____________ held when a team returns to the surface after completing an assignment to review what they saw and did	session
The _____________________ for Carbon Monoxide is 50 ppm	TLV-TWA
The STEL is a 15-minute TWA exposure which should not be exceeded at any time during a workday for a gas	STEL
The STEL for Carbon________________ is 200 ppm	Monoxide
The IDLH for Cabon ____________ is 1200 ppm	Monoxide
Heat rises and because it is stopped by the mine roof it ___________ forces	generates
Every force creates an equal and opposite force (this leads to smoke and fire ___________ and methane layers)	rollback
The Universal Gas Law, pressure and volume are_____________ related to temperature, means the hotter the fire the higher the pressures it develops	directly
Stopping smoke rollback is a must because if you cannot ________l the rollback, you probably can’t get close enough to fight the fire effectively	control
Gas layering is like smoke rollback with Methane and _________, the likely gases to form layers during a fire	Hydrogen
The _____________ of Carbon Dioxide is 40,000 ppm	IDLH
The purpose of an airlock is to separate two different atmospheres while still____________ miners to enter and exit without mixing the atmospheres	permitting
Temporary seals should include _________ for collecting air samples from within the sealed area	provisions
Progressive ventilation is the reventilation of a __________ area in successive blocks by means of airlocks	sealed
Direct ventilation is the reventilation of an entire ________area at once	sealed
Carbon ___________________ has no color	dioxide
Hydrogen sulfide is__________ toxic	highly
Nitrogen __________ has a reddish-brown color in high concentrations	dioxide
Sulfur dioxide is _____________	nonexplosive
Nitrogen is ____________	nonexplosive
Oxygen has no __________	odor
Hydrogen sulfide has an ________ similar to rotten eggs	odor
Carbon _____________ has no color	monoxide
Nitrogen ____________ is nonexplosive	dioxide
Nitrogen has no ___________	taste
Carbon __________ is nonexplosive	dioxide
Sulfur dioxide is highly ________	toxic
Nitrogen is an asphyxiant in _________ normal concentrations	above
The __________ of Hydrogen sulfide and Sulfur Dioxide is 100 ppm	IDHL
The___________ of carbon monoxide for hemoglobin is 200 to 300 times that of oxygen	affinity
Carbon Dioxide is the product of __________ including the decay of timbers	oxidation
Afterdamp is a ____________ of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen	mixture
___________ is usually found after a mine fire or explosion	Afterdamp
Hydrogen can be __________ with a multi-gas detector or by chemical analysis	detected
In some mines, carbon dioxide is__________ from the rock strata	liberated
To detect oxygen deficient atmospheres teams will use an oxygen ___________	indicator
To __________ for methane, use a methane detector or chemical analysis	test
Carbon monoxide can be ____________ by means of carbon monoxide detectors, multi-gas detectors, or by chemical analysis	detected
Nitrogen dioxide is ____________ by burning and by the detonation of explosives	produced
A mixture of coal ____________ in air reduces the explosive limit of methane.	dust
One and one-half to two percent methane __________ with coal dust in air may be explosive	together
Mines below the water table tend to have __________ methane than those above the water table	more
___________ a fire or explosion in a mine, rescue teams are usually needed to go into the mine to assess and re- establish ventilation	After
The range of concentrations within which a gas will _____________ are known as its “explosive range”	explode
Any flammable gas can explode under ___________ conditions	certain
Indirect firefighting methods allow ___________ to remain a safe distance from the fire	firefighters
Carbon __________ has no taste	monoxide
Temporary seals are built before permanent seals are erected in order to seal off a _______ area as quickly as possible	fire
In mines where head coal (roof coal) is left, a _________ will spread more rapidly	fire
One hazard of heat during a fire is that it tends to weaken the roof, especially where _______ coal is left	head
Fires can be attacked by the use of a foam ________ from a distance of 500-1,500 feet	generator
It is generally recommended that teams not _________ through foam-filled areas	travel
One method of indirect firefighting is flooding the sealed ________ area with water	fire
Once an explosion has ____________, there is always the possibility of further explosions	occurred
Mine rescue teams may find it necessary to use line brattice to sweep noxious or explosive gases from a ________ area	face
Once ventilation has been re-established and fresh air advanced, non-apparatus ____________ can take over the rehabilitation and cleanup effort	crews
Rescue teams are responsible for _____________ damage to the ventilation system	assessing
Information the team relays to the fresh air base as it ____________ is known as the “progress report”	proceeds
It is the responsibility of rescue team members to have all the information needed to do the ____________	work
When a team __________ a body, its location and position should be marked on a mine map and on the roof or rib close to the body	locates
The rescue team ____________ should regulate the team’s pace according to conditions encountered	captain
When a body is first ____________, every effort should be made not to disturb any possible evidence in the area	located
In situations too hazardous for teams to explore and reventilate safely, teams may be ____________ to seal the area	instructed
New mine rescue team members must have at least 20 hours of instruction on the breathing ___________ used by the team	apparatus
It is recommended that team checks be __________ every 15 to 20 minutes	conducted
It is recommended that the first _________ for a team check be just inby the fresh air base	stop
“Tying in” is the process by which you systematically explore all ____________ and adjacent areas as you advance	crosscuts
As the team ____________ underground, the captain takes the lead	advances
It is important that the team _________ its work so that it can return to the fresh air base on time	pace
As the team advances, the map man records what the team ____________by marking the information on a mine map	encounters
The team is responsible for choosing the exact sites within __________ for building seals	headings
Smoke causes a lack of ___________ which may cause a team member to lose his/her sense of balance	orientation
Class B fires involve flammable or combustible ________	liquids
Class D fires involve combustible _________	metals
Before using a handheld extinguisher, it must be __________ for the type of fire you are fighting	checked
Solubility is the __________ of a gas to be dissolved in water.	ability
Pools of ___________ can release water soluble gases into the air when they are stirred up	water
High expansion foam is light and resilient and can _________ long distances to a fire without breaking down	travel
Low expansion foam is very wet and heavy and can only be used when you’re ___________ enough to a fire to force the foam directly onto the fire	close
Carbon _______________ is explosive	monoxide
Oxygen is a supporter of _______________	combustion
If smoke is so dense as to make visibility poor, you may need to keep in constant physical contact with an object or a _________ in order to feel your way along	rib
Two types of fire cannot be fought directly, fuel ___________ and spon com (spontaneous combustion)	rich
Team safety must not be ___________________	compromised
Sulfur ______________ and hydrogen sulfide are water soluble gases	dioxide
Color, odor, and taste are physical properties that help to identify gases during barefaced _________________	exploration
Only detectors and chemical analysis can _________________ identify a gas	positively
The effects of toxic gases depend on the ________________, toxicity, and exposure time	concentration
Asphyxiates are gases which cause _________________ or choking	suffocation
Firedamp is a mixture of methane in air that will burn or ____________ when ignited	explode
If there is a sufficient amount of hydrocarbons in __________, the smoke may be explosive	smoke
Ventilation controls are used underground to ____________ distribute air to all sections of the mine	properly
Gases with specific gravities less than 1.0 tend to seek _________ places	high
Gases with specific gravities _____________ than 1.0 tend to seek low places	greater
In order to maintain an airlock, one door of the _________ must be kept closed while the other is opened	airlock
If the fresh air base is underground, it should be ___________ where it’s assured a fresh air travelway to the surface	located
The fresh air base should be located where it’s assured __________ventilation and fresh air	positive
Elevators should be tested before use following a __________	disaster
As a team advances, it is important to stay in ___________ contact with the fresh air base/command center	close
_____________ is lighter than air	Methane
Normal air has a specific gravity of _______	one
Sufficient time should be allowed for a__________ area to cool before it is unsealed	fire
Team captains should _______ roof and ribs before the team members advance into the area	inspect
The roof and ribs should be ___________ before extinguishing a fire	tested
Hazardous areas should be marked to warn other teams that may _________ the area after yours	enter
Progress reports should include reports on roof and rib conditions and _________ conditions	gas
The time spent under oxygen by a rescue team is usually ________________ to two hours or less	limited
When looking for survivors, it is _____________________________ to both look and listen for clues.	important
For a Class C fire (electrical), if power has been cut off to the burning equipment, it may be ____________ as a Class A or B fire	treated
When survivors are located, their location, identities, and condition should be reported _____________ to the command center	immediately
When survivors are ________, the location, time, and date should be marked on the team’s map and on the rib where they are found	located
When survivors are located, they should be transported to safety and fresh air as _________ as possible	quickly
The __________ objective of recovery work is to put the affected area of the mine back in operation as soon as possible	main
__________ temporary seals should be well hitched in the floor roof, and ribs to improve their strength	effective
Urethane foam is an ____________ sealant when used around the perimeter of a seal	effective
High volatile coal burns much faster than low or ___________ volatile coal	medium
It may be necessary to double or triple the thickness of the material in order to improve the ________________ of a temporary seal	effectiveness
Seals should be built at ____________ with good roof and even roof and ribs	locations
Rescue Teams may _____________ many hazards while fighting fires directly by hand	encounter
The main objectives of exploration work during a mine fire are locating the fire and assessing conditions in the ________ area	fire
A smoke tube is used to show the direction and ____________ of slow moving air	velocity
Thermal imaging cameras should only be used in less than 1 percent of ___________	Methane
Once________, survivors should never be left alone	rescued
The _______ of Nitrogen Dioxide is 20 ppm	IDLH
_______, dry air at sea level is made up of 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen	Clean
After a fire has been sealed, it is recommended to wait 72 hours before making the _________ visit to the seals	initial
Firefighters force inert gases into areas where they are trying to remove the ____________ leg of the fire triangle	oxygen
A __________ is a unit made up of individuals working toward a common goal	team

Created by: Mr Corley

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