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STA CHAPTER 4

QuestionAnswer
Sampling frames A list from where individuals are drawed from a sample
Frame error Not an accurate or complete representation of the population
6 Non-Sampling errors 1. Under-coverage 2. Erroneous inclusions 3. Multiple inclusions 4. Processing errors 5. Response error 6. Non-response
Under-coverage If the sampling frame leaves out certain groups of people even random samples from that frame will be biased!!
Under-coverage example Using telephone directories to poll, but leaving out people with only cell-phones. Leaves out youth
Erroneous inclusions Occurs if the frame includes individuals that are not in the population of interest. Invalid units
Erroneous inclusions example Residents who moved out of sampled states
Multiple inclusions occur if some population members appear more times in the sampling frame so that they have a higher chance of being sampled
Multiple inclusions example Using households with multiple email addresses
Processing errors mistakes in mechanical tasks such as doing math or entering responses into a computer
Processing errors examples Typing in "100" instead of "10"
Response error When a subject gives an incorrect response
Response error example A person lying about use of drugs
Non-response The failure to obtain data from an individual selected for a sample
Non-response example If a survey respondent skips the income question
Most challenging non-sampling error? Non-response
The announced margin of error for a sample survey only covers RANDOM SAMPLING ERROR So this is things like under-coverage, non response. and everything discussed earlier
What else has an influence on answers? Wording
Probability Sample A sample chosen by chance
Probability Sample example Random # generator
How to choose a Stratified Random Sample (SRS) 1. Divide sampling frame into distinct groups of individuals (STRATA) 2. Choose strata according to any special interest you have in a certain group with in pop. 3. Take a separate SRS in each stratum and combine these to make up the complete sample
Created by: liladdoyle
 

 



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