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2120 Midterm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Greek Citizenship (Roman in the sense that citizens must actively participate. ) | Inherited through birth by one's parents, not given the right to appeal in-front of a court. One must also be born within the territory of Greece to be considered a citizen. If one was a slave they would not be considered an automatic citizen. |
| Roman Citizenship (Liberal in the sense that citizenship is a legal status). | Adopted and evolved from Greece then to Roman. Citizenship was a legal status as opposed to an automatic right (Liberal). One have a chance to become citizens, even slaves. Citizenship could also be taken away by the government as a form of punishment. |
| Personally responsible citizen | PERSONAL awareness of their community and active participation in civic activities, such as voting and community service. |
| Participatory citizen | one who emphasizes a commitment to community betterment and collective well-being through direct involvement. They propel the COMMUNITY as a WHOLE. |
| Justice-oriented citizen | One who analyzes and advocates for systematic change. Focuses on social and political problems and questions why they occur. |
| Civic engagement | How individuals become involved in their community to make a positive difference in the lives of their fellow citizens. |
| Political engagement | Activities individuals take to influence public policy, either directly or by affecting the selection of those who make policies. |
| Levine’s equity and broad participation | Levine argues that there's a need for democratic engagement that involves citizens in collaborative work and strengthening civic relationships. A healthy civic society will address "wicked problems", like climate change, school failure, etc. |
| Why are people misrepresented? | There is a lack of trust in government, people no longer feel they can hold others in higher roles accountable. |
| Civil society, and its role in democracy | The collective of non-state actors and organizations that operate independently of the government. Civil society acts as a bridge between the state and the citizens, ensuring that the voices of the people are heard. |
| Voluntary associations (a.k.a. civil society), including positive and negative internal and external effects | The misuse of resources and fighting for something that may be against a general social consensus. (The NRA, or FBAs) |
| Kantian Moral Principle | Actions are morally right or wrong based on one's intentions and sense of duty. NOT consequences. They should be applied universally, regardless of context. |
| Social Capital | beneficial outcomes gained from informal human interactions and networking. It strengthens business success through personal relationships and networks, enhancing trust and respect at all organizational levels. |
| Reciprocity (generalized and specific) | The act of paying back a favor with a favor. General: nonimmediate and in an informal setting, while Specific: paying for an item with cash |
| Social capital role in democracy and politics | Social capital can enhance civic engagement and support politic participation. |
| History of civic engagement (Cooper) | Civic engagement has become broader and more complex, though with that has come increased polarization. More voices can be heard, and negativity travels faster. |
| Power-with/ Power-Over | The act of emphasizing collaboration within decision making/ Control is concentrated at the top of the hierarchy, and compliance with such is instilled. |
| Visible Power | Victories by dominant actors in public arenas. |
| Hidden Power | The barriers which may keep people from engaging in civic or political practices. (Victims are aware of the oppositions tactics.) |
| Invisible Power | The use of shaping ones thought process into your liking. (Victims naturally align with the status quo.) |
| Ladder of participation (including critiques) | Arnstein's 8 steps of political and civic engagement. 3 categories: Tokenism (Voice is heard but no power), Citizen power (Ability to make real decisions), and Nonparticipation (withdrawing and allowing others to decide for you.) Critique: One Dimensional |
| IAP2 spectrum (including critiques) | Represents the steps of community collaboration, though it is one dimensional. It doesn't account for complex circumstances or how communities can influence decisions without collaboration. |
| Principles of Inclusive Civic Engagement | Diversity, Hospitality, Commitment, Embracing Protest, and Adaptability. |
| Equity versus equality in participation | Equity: giving more resources to low-income communities in order to get more people involved. While Equality would look like splitting up funds equally among communities. |
| Public participation | Active involvement of citizens in the decision-making process. |
| Building Blocks of Public Participation | Spreading and gathering information, connecting with citizens, Collaborative decision making, and encouraging public work. |
| Positions versus interests | Positions are demands made by a party during negotiation or a party's stance on certain issues. Interest are the underly motives of a party. |
| The role of high versus low stakes in participation | With effective planning around low stakes opportunities within a community allows for greater success when high stake circumstances occur. |
| Conventional participation and its characteristics (four major procedures) and critiques | How citizens decide to be involved in political participation such as attending community events, meetings, and forums. Many such as officials, state employees, and citizens feel burned out due to a lack of general consensus. |
| Direct versus indirect participation | Direct has an active and fast impact on the policy making process (ex: Voting, loud protesting). Indirect has a much slower effect on the process (ex: silent boycotts, electing officials to make decisions). |
| Thick and Thin participation | Thick involves small groups in deep thought about certain issues (Has depth and is time-consuming). Thin involves fast simple actions (voting or signing a petition). |
| Deliberative participation | when people purposefully engage in thoughtful open dialogue with those that have differing opinions on topics. |
Created by:
monioyesola