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Cardiovascular Syste
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aorta | largest artery in the body, carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle to systematic circulation |
| aortic semilunar/valve | valve between left ventricle and aorta, prevents back-flow of blood |
| apex | pointed inferior tip of heart, directs contraction force upward |
| arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from heart, deliver blood to tissues |
| arterioles | small branches of arteries, regulates blood flow into capillaries |
| axillary vein | vain that drains upper limb, returns blood to subclavian vein |
| base | broad superior portion of the heart, site where major vessels enter and exit |
| basilic vein | superficial vein on medial arm, drains blood from upper limb |
| bicuspid | valve between left atrium and left ventricle, prevents back-flow into left atrium |
| brachial artery | Major artery of the upper arm. Function: Supplies blood to arm and forearm. |
| brachial vein | Deep vein accompanying the brachial artery. Function: Drains blood from the arm. |
| capillaries | Smallest blood vessels. Function: Site of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange.. |
| cardiac | Relating to the heart. Function: Describes structures/functions of the heart. |
| carotid artery | Major neck artery. Function: Supplies blood to brain and head. |
| chordae tendineae | Fibrous cords attached to AV valves. Function: Prevent valve prolapse during contraction. |
| circumflex artery | Branch of left coronary artery. Function: Supplies lateral and posterior heart walls. |
| descending aorta | Portion of aorta traveling downward. Function: Supplies thoracic and abdominal regions. |
| dorsalis pedis | Artery on top of foot. Function: Supplies dorsal foot; pulse site. |
| femoral artery | Major thigh artery. Function: Supplies lower limb. |
| greater cephalic vein | Superficial lateral arm vein. Function: Drains upper limb. |
| greater saphenous vein | Longest superficial vein in body (leg). Function: Drains lower limb. |
| histology | study of tissues, examines microscopic structure of vessels and heart |
| iliac artery | Branch of abdominal aorta. Function: Supplies pelvis and lower limbs. |
| iliac vein | Vein draining pelvis and legs. Function: Returns blood to inferior vena cava. |
| jugular vein | Major neck vein. Function: Drains blood from brain and face. |
| left atrium | Upper left heart chamber. Function: Receives oxygenated blood from lungs. |
| left coronary artery | Coronary artery from aorta. Function: Supplies left side of heart. |
| left ventricle | Lower left chamber. Function: Pumps oxygenated blood into aorta. |
| lumen | Inner open space of a vessel. Function: Passageway for blood flow. |
| median cubital vein | Superficial vein at elbow. Function: Common site for venipuncture. |
| papillary muscles | Muscles in ventricles attached to chordae tendineae. Function: Stabilize AV valves during contraction. |
| popliteal artery | Artery behind knee. Function: Supplies knee and lower leg. |
| popliteal vein | Vein behind knee. Function: Drains lower leg. |
| posterior tibial | Artery behind medial ankle. Function: Supplies posterior leg and foot; pulse site. |
| pulmonary artery | Artery from right ventricle to lungs. Function: Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs. |
| pulmonary circulation | Blood flow between heart and lungs. Function: Oxygenates blood. |
| pulmonary semilunar/valve | Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery. Function: Prevents backflow into right ventricle. |
| pulmonary veins | Veins from lungs to left atrium. Function: Carry oxygenated blood to heart. |
| radial artery | Lateral forearm artery. Function: Supplies forearm and hand; pulse site. |
| right atrium | Upper right chamber. Function: Receives deoxygenated blood from body. |
| right coronary artery | Coronary artery from aorta. Function: Supplies right side of heart. |
| right ventricle | Lower right chamber. Function: Pumps blood to lungs. |
| septum | Wall dividing right and left sides of heart. Function: Prevents mixing of blood. |
| subclavian artery | Artery beneath clavicle. Function: Supplies upper limb and chest. |
| subclavian vein | Vein beneath clavicle. Function: Drains upper limb. |
| systemic circulation | Blood flow between heart and body tissues. Function: Delivers oxygen to body. |
| trabeculae carneae | Irregular muscular ridges in ventricles. Function: Improve contraction efficiency. |
| tricuspid valve | Valve between right atrium and ventricle. Function: Prevents backflow into right atrium. |
| tunica externa | Outermost vessel layer. Function: Protects and anchors vessel. |
| tunica interna | Innermost vessel layer (endothelium). Function: Provides smooth blood flow surface. |
| tunica media | Middle vessel layer of smooth muscle. Function: Controls vessel diameter. |
| ulnar artery | Medial forearm artery. Function: Supplies forearm and hand. |
| valves | Flaps inside heart and veins. Function: Ensure one-way blood flow |
| veins | Vessels carrying blood toward the heart. Function: Return deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins). |
| venules | Small veins formed from capillaries. Function: Collect blood from capillaries. |
| cardiovascular system | consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, functioning primarily to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body |
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