Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Humans and Microbes
Interactions between Humans and Microbes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Microbial antagonism | Competition between microbes |
| Symbiosis | Relationship between two organisms where at least one is dependent on the other |
| Infection | Microbes get past host defenses, enter tissues, and multiply |
| Disease | Deviation from health that results when cumulative effects of infection damage or disrupt tissues and organs |
| Infectious disease | Disease that causes harm to organism |
| Pathogenicity | An organism's potential to cause disease |
| True Pathogens | Dangerous at all times (ex. flu) |
| Opportunistic Pathogens | Cause disease when host defenses are compromised |
| Virulence | Severity of a disease by a particular microbe (degree of pathogenicity) |
| Virulence Factor | Characteristics and structure of microbe that contributes to the ability of it to damage organism |
| Exogenous | Enters from outside the body |
| Endogenous | Begins from somewhere in the same host |
| Infectious Dose (ID) | Minimum number of microbes needed to cause an infection |
| Adhesion | Microbe attachment to host tissues |
| Phagocytes | Immune cells that engulf and destroy pathogens |
| Leukocidins | Kill phagocytes |
| Capsules and slime layers | Difficult for the phagocyte to engulf pathogen |
| Toxin | A specific chemical product of microbes that is poisonous to other organisms |
| Exotoxins | Secreted proteins that are deadly in small amounts |
| Endotoxins | LPS from gram-negative cells |
| Local Infection | Pathogens are limited to a small area of the body |
| Systemic Infection | An infection throughout body |
| Focal Infection | Begins as localized infection and turns into systematic infection |
| Primary Infection | Acute infection that causes illness |
| Secondary Infection | Infection that occurs after a primary infection from weakened body defenses |
| Acute disease | Symptoms develop rapidly but don't last long |
| Chronic disease | Symptoms develop slowly |
| Symptoms | Changes in body function that are felt by patient (pain, fatigue) |
| Signs | Changes in body that are observable (fever, vomiting) |
| Syndrome | A specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease |
| Latency | Dormant microbial state |
| Sequelae | Long-term or permanent damage to tissues or organs caused by infectious disease |
| Incubation Period | Time from initial contact with pathogen to appearance of symptoms |
| Prodromal stage | 1-2 day period when the earliest symptoms appear |
| Acute phase | Microbe multiplies at high levels and becomes well established in host |
| Convalescent period | Patient responded to infection and health returns |
| Reservoir | Primary habitat in the world from which a pathogen originates |
| Transmitter | Individual or object from which an infection is acquired |
| Carrier | An individual with a dormant pathogen that spread it to others |
| Zoonosis | An infection of animals but transmissible to humans |
| Communicable Disease | Disease that can spread between hosts |
| Contagious Disease | Disease that are easily and rapidly spread between host |
| Noncommunicable Disease | Disease that is not spread between hosts |
| Horizontal Transmission | Disease spread through population from one infected individual to another |
| Direct contact | Close contact between people |
| Indirect Transmission | Object or substance carries agent between hosts |
| Vector Transmission | Arthropods (organism) that harbors and transfers infection |
| Vertical Transmission | Spread between generations |
Created by:
user-2027254