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Chapter 8
Human Exceptionalities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Conduct disorder | A disorder characterized by overt, aggressive, disruptive behavior or covert antisocial acts such as stealing, lying, and fire setting; may include both overt and covert acts. |
| Externalizing behavior | Acting-out behavior; aggressive or disruptive behavior that is observable as behavior directed toward others. |
| Internalizing behavior | Acting-in behavior; anxiety, fearfulness, withdrawal, and other indications of an individual’s mood or internal state. |
| Comorbidity | Co-occurrence of two or more conditions in the same individual. |
| Schizophrenia | According to the National Institute of Mental Health, a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves; people with schizophrenia may seem like they have lost touch with reality; symptoms usually start between the |
| Aggression | Behavior that intentionally causes others harm or that elicits escape or avoidance responses from others. |
| Enuresis | Urinary incontinence; wetting oneself |
| Encopresis | Bowel incontinence; soiling oneself. |
| Zero tolerance | A school policy, supported by federal and state laws, that certain things will be punished regardless of any excuse. For example, having possession of any weapon or drug on school property might automatically result in a given penalty (usually suspension |
| Manifestation determination | Determination that a student’s misbehavior is or is not a manifestation of a disability. |
| Functional behavioral assessment (FBA) | Evaluation that consists of finding out the consequences (what purpose the behavior serves), antecedents (what triggers the behavior), and setting events (contextual factors) that maintain inappropriate behaviors. |
| MULTICOMPONENT TREATMENT | Teachers and other professionals use as many different interventions as are necessary to meet the multiple needs of students (e.g., social skills training, academic remediation, medication, counseling or psychotherapy, and family treatment or parent train |
| SUSTAINED INTERVENTION | Many emotional or behavioral disorders are developmental disabilities and will not likely be cured but demand lifelong support. |
| Positive behavioral intervention and support (PBIS) | Systematic use of the science of behavior to find ways of supporting desirable behavior rather than punishing the undesirable behavior; positive reinforcement (rewarding) procedures that are intended to support a student’s appropriate or desirable behavio |
| (BIP) | behavioral intervention plan |
| Interim alternative educational setting (IAES) | A temporary placement outside general education for students whose behavior is extremely problematic, but in which their education is continued. |
| Time-out | Removing a child temporarily from the environment to one less stimulating and enjoyable. |