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soc
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| sociological imagination | the ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individual's life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces |
| social institutions | a complex group of independent positions that, together, perform a social role and reproduce themselves over time |
| macrosociology | a branch of sociology generally concerned with social dynamics at a higher level of analysis - across the breadth of society |
| microsociology | a branch of sociology that seeks to understand local interactional contexts |
| anomie | a sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably expect life to be predictable; too little social regulation, normlessness |
| double conciousness | a concept developed by Du Bois; used to describe the use of two behavioral scripts, one for moving through the world and the other incorporating the external opinions of racially prejudiced onlookers |
| functionalism | the theory that various social institutions and processes in society exist to serve some important function to keep society running |
| conflict theory | the idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic, animating force of social change and society in general; inequality exists as a result of political struggles among different groups in a society |
| symbolic interactionism | a micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's action |
| social construction | an entity that exists because people behave as if it exists and whose existence is perpetuated as people and social institutions act in accordance with widely agreed upon formal rules or informal norms of behavior associated with that entity |
| quantitative methods | methods that seek to obtain information about the social world that is already in or can be converted to numeric form |
| qualitative methods | methods that attempt to collect information about the social world that cannot be readily converted to numeric form |
| deductive approach | theory-hypothesis-empirical-observation-analyze data |
| inductive approach | empirical observation - theory |
| correlation | when two variables tend to track each other positively or negatively |
| causality | the notion that a change in one factor results in a corresponding change in another |
| validity | the extent to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure |
| reliability | the likelihood of obtaining consistent results using the same measure |
| generalizability | the extent to which we can claim our findings inform us about a group beyond the one we studied |
| replicability | the likelihood that the experiment or study can be redone and yeild the same results |
| operationalization | the research process of strictly defining abstract concepts into measurable, observable, and quantifiable variables |
| population | an entire group of individual persons, objects, r items from which samples may be drawn |
| sample | subset of the population from which you can actually collect data |
| case study | an intensive investigation of one particular unit of analysis in order to describe it or uncover its mechanisms |
| reflexivity | analyzing and critically considering our own role in, and effect on, our research |
| white coat effect | the phenomenon wherein a researcher's presence affects subjects' behavior or response, thereby disrupting the study |
| golden rules of research | design studies that do no physical or psychological harm to subjects, obtain consent,csubjects have the right to know what they are a part of, ensure voluntary participation, |
| ethnocentrism | the belief that one's own culture or group is superior to others and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of one's own |
| nonmaterial | values, beliefs, social norms, and ideologies |
| material | everything that is a part of our contructed, physical environment, included technology |
| hegemony | a condition by which a dominant group uses its power to elicit the voluntary "consent" of the masses |
| subculture | the distinct cultural values and behavioral patterns of a particular group in society, a group united by sets of concepts, values, symbols, and shared meanings specific to the members of that group and distinctive enough to distinguish it from others with |
| counterculture | a large sultural group defined in opposition to the ideologies, values, and norms of the mainstream culture |
| media | any formats, platforms, or vehicles that carry, present, or communicate information |
| social media | technologies that allow users to produce, share, and consume media in a varitety of formats |
| short term and deliberate | advertising |
| short term and unintended | violence in the media that encourages violent bahavior |
| long term unintended | desensitization to violence, sexual imagery, and other content |
| consumerism | the steady acquisition of material possessions, often with the belief that happiness and fulfilment can thus be achieved |
| culture jamming | the act of turning media against consumer culture |
Created by:
ma9115